Mindful Wonders of Temple Grandin Essay

The psyche is an interminable space of conceivable outcomes that individuals as a rule underestimate. Be that as it may, this was certainly not the situation for Temple Grandin. Regardless of her learning handicap, Temple found her own excellent perspective. The film gives all of us the various models wherein Temple utilizes her one of a kind psyche to improve things. By depicting Temple’s appearance and persona, we can attempt to all the more likely see how looks and character of an individual won’t change their insight. Through conversation of her particular methods of learning, I will have the option to relate them to my own learning styles which are like Temple’s. The film â€Å"Temple Grandin,† starts with Temple on her approach to visit her auntie for the mid year where she will be working with the ponies and cows in their farm. Since the start, the film had been indicating Temple’s enthusiasm for creatures. While watching the farm, she sees a machine that embraces the dairy animals and quiets their nerves. At that point, one day Temple had a fit of anxiety; Temple thinks about the â€Å"hugging device† and spots herself in the machine. Incredibly, it immediately quiets her. Since she was youthful, she generally felt awkward with any human contact, including her own mother’s contact and love. From that point forward, the gadget substitutes as a human â€Å"hug† for Temple. After that mid year, It was the ideal opportunity for Temple to set off for college, wherein she reluctantly and apprehensively consented to her mother’s demand. At the point when Temple showed up at her residence, she had another fit of anxiety. Her mom promptly realized that she needed to give her some space thus she headed outside. A memory showed up, uncovering Temple’s analysis of chemical imbalance when she was more youthful. During the determination at the doctor’s office, the mother was in dismay when the specialist clarified that it was her cold and far off activities towards Temple which made her be like this. The specialist additionally proposed setting Temple in a psychological foundation, which rankled the mother considerably more and chose to deal with Temple herself which prompted where they were presently. Sanctuary chose to remain in school notwithstanding her tension. She recalls the gadget that quieted her back at the farm and chose to construct one for herself. With the current machine, Temple had the option to adapt to the worries of school life. Indeed, even with all the advantages it gave Temple, the school constrained her to dispose of it. For reasons unknown, the educational committee thought it was utilized for a sexual reason. After a brief break from school, her auntie chose to assist her with convincing the school to let her keep the machine. To demonstrate the genuine utilization of her machine, Temple reviewed a few understudies. She requested that they evaluate the machine and reveal to her how they felt utilizing it. Sanctuary did in the long run demonstrate that the machine was and is just utilized for individual quieting purposes; the school at that point permitted all her it in her residence. With that, Temple is presently ready to work well in school. A short time later, the film shows Temple’s old secondary school where she didn’t truly appear to fit in. Exactly when the greater part of the educators felt sad for Temple, an instructor named Dr. Carlock saw something in Temple and chose to support her. Gradually, Dr. Carlock finds Temple’s exceptional capacities and notification her solid enthusiasm for science. With support from Dr. Carlock and her family, Temple at long last moved on from school and began working at a farm. She sees all the advantages and disadvantages of the ranch’s current routine working with the steers. With Temple’s one of a kind brain, she attempts to change the slaughterhouse so it would be progressively effective and altruistic. During her endeavors in doing as such, she gets a few sexual orientation separations from her kindred farmers. For example, forbidding her from the farm, ruining her vehicle with dairy cattle meat, and even simply disregarding her by and large. However, with her solid will, she decided to overlook these disturbances and continued difficult until somebody takes note. A few men at last contemplated her arrangements and thought of her as goals. Every one of her endeavors took care of when they manufactured one of her outlines and attempted it with the cows. The achievement of the test opened up more chances to her, such as being in a notable nearby magazine and soon, being known in the entire farm/steers world also. Before the finish of the film, Temple and her mom goes to a social affair of the considerable number of individuals who are influenced by chemical imbalance. Sanctuary tells individuals how she conquered her own troubles with school and with life by and large. Everybody was so astounded by her circumstance that they instructed her into talking before the entire crowd. Sanctuary Grandin is certainly not simply your normal cowgirl. She surely shows a higher perspective than the vast majority of us could even envision. Hitting individuals with her normal appearance, no one would even have an idea of what her brain is extremely prepared to do. Sanctuary has thick, wavy, rosy earthy colored hair which goes fine with her all around organized and all American facial structure. She is additionally normal in tallness, which may be between the lines of 5’3 to 5’6. To the extent attire goes, Temple has her own intriguing feeling of style. She unquestionably conveys the cattle rustler shirt, tie, and some the normal Levis quite well. This customary outfit of hers unquestionably goes with her loose and cowhand persona; this wound up being her mark look also. Sanctuary is an extremely sweet and respectful young lady. In spite of the fact that, she didn't care for being contacted, even by her own mom, she shows how she thinks about others by talking in her loose and consoling tone. Another appreciating characteristic that she has is her solid feeling of will. She prepared herself to be acceptable at something and taken a stab at it. She will probably sell her work, as opposed to selling herself. Temple’s inventive and thorough psyche permitted her to consider things others would not. Being a visual scholar that she will be, she sorts things into various explicit classes, so this permits her to see every single detail that would and would not work legitimately for a particular framework. A case of this would be the occasions in the film where she attempts to feel and experience what dairy cattle are experiencing. One stunning force that Temple’s mind has is the capacity to recall each and every detail of each and every thing she experiences each and every day. Essentially, Temple doesn’t think how the greater part of us generally do; we for the most part overgeneralize, which is thinking start to finish. Sanctuary, then again, thinks from the base to the top. Sanctuary Grandin’s appearance never prevented her clear capacity with regards to learning and working with creatures. An expressive depiction of an individual, for this situation, of Temple Grandin, can never exceed a person’s abilities and standpoint of his/her life. The topics of the film are particular. Since the start of the film, we notice Temple’s nerves starting with one thing then onto the next. Beginning with her dread of new places and circumstances, for example, when she previously got to her aunt’s farm, the first occasion when she got to her school quarters, and opening ways to new and new places. Dread is a major piece of Temple’s story since it shows the various ways she conquered them. From the outset, she thought of progress contrarily. She expected that new things would perpetrate more pressure and tension in her. Because of this, she made the â€Å"hugging machine† that she once watched being utilized in her aunt’s farm. Meeting Dr. Carlock significantly changed Temple’s perspective on new things. He trained her that each entryway opens to new chances and that she simply needed to experience them. Since the time at that point, Temple developed all the fearlessness she could pick up and did as she was told. Accordingly, she experienced various entryways which drove her to astonishing open doors, for example, meeting individuals who had associations with slaughterhouse proprietors and the start of her hotly anticipated future. Another factor that drove Temple to suffer and conquer her feelings of dread is the measure of steadiness she had inside her. Her assurance to complete things is inconceivable. It nearly appeared surrendering was never the decision for Temple. Indeed, even now and again, where she didn’t have a decision she made ways. For example, Temple was merciless segregated for being a female working in a â€Å"male environment† by ruining her truck with bull balls and in the long run restricting her from entering the farm. Be that as it may, with Temple’s splendid brain she thought of the best plans to cause the farm to permit her back in. She watched all the individuals that were permitted in that specific farm and saw that they just allowed the cliché â€Å"ranch men† and â€Å"special personnel† to come inside. In view of that, she exchanged her vehicle with a pickup truck, in which she intentionally demolished, changed her closet into a progressively male-accommodating style and persuaded the nearby paper to give her an identification. Amazingly, the farm let her in without the smallest doubt that she was really a female. Another model would be where she required a plan made, however the designer was occupied and she didn’t have the opportunity to pause. As decided as she might have been, Temple realized what her psyche can do so she watched the sketcher chipping away at different outlines. She observed intently as he deliberately drew them with extraordinary accuracy. Not long after that, she ended up making her own outlines precisely enough that later on, a gathering of slaughterhouse authorities assembled around her independent plans and were for all intents and purposes shocked with what she had available for them. Temple’s methods of conquering her feelings of dread and self control regardless of her mental imbalance just expanded my adoration for her. With her special perspective, Temple found another method of learning regardless of her condition. She found that visual reasoning is the thing that works best for her. Thinking about my own learni

Paperboard Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essay Example

Paperboard Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essay Paperboard Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Paperboard is a thick paper based material which is a lot thicker than paper. Paperboard can be single or multi-handle. It is light in weight and can be effectively cut and framed. Cardboard is the conventional name for paperboard. It is utilized for bundling and realistic printing, for example, book, postcards and magazine covers among others. Paperboards are utilized for bundling of heated products, dry organic products, and confectionaries among others. Furthermore, it is utilized in making models. There are different kinds of paperboards, for example, collapsing boxboard, chipboard, kraftboard, white lined chipboard and binder’s board among others.Visit Complete Report Here: http://www.marketresearchreports.biz/examination subtleties/paperboard-showcase worldwide industry-investigation size-share-development patterns and-gauge 2013-2019 Fibrous material, for example, wood or reu sed squander paper is changed over into mash and afterward it is synthetically prepared by blanching. It is then covered for improved visual appearance. The interest for paperboard in bundling is required to develop exponentially in the following not many years as paper produced using wood-fiber is completely biodegradable in nature. Paperboard is regularly utilized as an external web in covers to offer body to a bundle. There are various sorts of papers utilized for bundling, for example, carefully assembled paper and kraft paper among others. These various kinds of paperboards are utilized for bundling of prepared products, dry organic products, and confectionaries among others. Developing populace in creating nations, for example, India and China, interest for bundled food and expanding familiarity with ecological issues is relied upon to help the paperboard in bundling in the following barely any years. Expanding customer interest for biodegradable bundling material because of r ising mindfulness with respect to nature preservation is relied upon to support the interest for paperboard throughout the following six years. Moreover, paperboard has been

Dealing With Anxiety Whats Normal and Whats Not

Dealing With Anxiety Whats Normal and Whats Not You will often hear mental illness is an illness like any other. Well-wishers say that to try to alleviate the stigma around disorders of the brain to emphasize that sufferers are not just some hopeless ‘crazy people’.Anxiety victims just have a health issue that can be improved and even cured in many cases with the right treatment.However, mental illness is indeed quite a unique animal.Because of the common prejudice, mental disorders are difficult to diagnose. A lot of self-doubt prevents us from identifying the issues and then hinders our coping mechanisms.Victims are often subjected to ridicule or undermining. They are told they are overreacting, overplaying it, or exaggerating. That there is actually nothing wrong. They just need to… ‘calm down a little bit.’It is crucial to have strength and a lot of information.ANXIETY SYMPTOMS â€" IDENTIFY THE DISORDERThe first step is the diagnosis.Worrying? What is normal?There is a difference between being anxious and suffering f rom anxiety.Victims of anxiety have multiple worries. Whenever they perceive threat, their thoughts immediately head in the direction of the worst thing that could happen.Most people convince themselves that worrying about the worst will also prepare them for the worst and rationalize their thinking â€" they perceive their behaviors and thought process as normal, as healthy and even necessary.Without it, they would never succeed, or they would be in danger.What is a normal amount of worrying? How much is too much? Can you identify helpful worries from unhelpful worries?Is the situation objectively threatening?It is normal to fear certain factors from your life. You may fear about losing your job, not having enough money, being disliked by strangers, being under physical threat, and many others. You can easily differentiate being anxious from suffering from anxiety by asking yourself: ‘How likely is this dangerous situation to actually happen?’ Is there statistics, news, common k nowledge or any sort of verifiable information that you are actually under threat?Do other people validate your worrying?If you worry about money, other people who are aware and/or share your financial status may be worried as well. When you talk to your spouse, do they share your concerns?If you worry about your job, do your colleagues or managers agree you have a point? Is the company in a bad place? Do you get bad evaluation scores? Worse than others?If you worry about having a disease â€" do you have medical history that would support these thoughts? What does your doctor think?Do you experience worry from time to time, or constantly?Anxiety victims will keep themselves in a constant level of stress and worry. You are worried about something now? Think about the same time last month. What bothered you then? How do you feel about it now?Tip: keeping a journal of your thoughts will help you identify your biggest worries.Do the benefits outweigh the losses?When was the last time yo ur worrying actually prepared you for anything? Do you take action? Consider the amount of time you spend worrying and compare and contrast it to your gains. Did you really save yourself from a bad situation and was all the strain on your mind worth it?Worrying? What is NOT normal?Let us do the same exercise, from another point of view:Is the situation objectively threatening?An example is social anxiety disorder, where sufferers would worry they will be judged and humiliated by others. They avoid speaking in public and meeting new people. Even if they do not have any examples of such situations happening in the recent past. Being judged by strangers has little to no consequences but anxiety victims perceive it as almost life threatening.Another example of anxiety is phobia of flying. Statistically, air travel is the safest way of transportation, which makes an accident very unlikely to happen Still, sufferers are convinced they are headed towards a fiery crash.Do other people valid ate your worrying?‘You are worrying too much!’, ‘Everything will turn out okay!’, ‘Just try to get your mind off it!’ â€" if you hear these ignorant and annoying comments a lot, the bad news is an ill advice like that will not magically cure your anxiety. The good news is examples like these tell you other people would dismiss effortlessly the issues you obsess over. They help you identify your thought process as abnormal.Do you experience worry from time to time, or constantly?Worriers experience a constant heightened level of stress, to the point where if a legitimately threatening situation comes their way, they will seemingly stay undisturbed.Do the benefits outweigh the losses?You know your fear of flying is completely pointless. It only causes you discomfort. You still need to get from point A to point B. It is the fastest and objectively safest and cheapest way to do it. You still need to fly. And if you worry about it, it won’t make the flight safer.Although an xiety comes in a lot of forms and variations, the same several symptoms persist among all sufferers:Heightened feelings of fear and panicFeeling continuously alertHaving troubles sleepingCold sweat, shortness of breath, tingling fingers,Heart palpitationsNausea and dizzinessIf you look deeper you may recognize one of the subtypes of your anxiety:GAD â€" Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Sufferers are overwhelmed with irrational fears and worries. It is generally a mind’s misguided way to cope with threat. People with GAD have a constant feeling of impending doom. Diagnosis comes when sufferers report they cannot stop or control these concerns over a prolonged period of time. GAD is quite common. It affects more than 3% of the American population.Obsessive compulsive disorder. OCD is another subtype of anxiety. Its characteristics include inability of the victim to calm themselves down, and relying on ritualistic behaviors to achieve temporary comfort, they are otherwise strongly agita ted and often suffer from insomnia.Social anxiety disorder. SAD is diagnosed when a person is terrified of social interactions for fear of being judged and rejected. It is associated with high level of self-consciousness and low self-worth.PTSD. The post-traumatic stress disorder is usually associated with a traumatic event in the past which has triggered the condition. The sufferer is often a victim of flashbacks that force them to relive the event in the form of memories, nightmares or even hallucinations. They would avoid putting themselves in situations that remind them of the event.Phobia. Irrational fears are the most popular form of anxiety. Victims have heightened responses when they are close to the object, situation or circumstance that bother them. Phobias are also among the easiest mental disorders to treat.Is it more than anxiety?Symptoms, similar to anxiety are associated with other diseases:When your feelings of anxiety are accompanied by rapid weight loss you might b e suffering from hyperthyroidism. It is a condition where your thyroid becomes overactive, increases your metabolic rate and your heart rate. It is affects mainly women.35% of women who have suffered through a heart attack report feeling anxious and stressed for the month leading up to the event. Other symptoms, associated with anxiety, such as sleep disturbance and shortness of breath were actually reported more often than chest pain. Heart failure is often co-prevalent with symptoms of depression and anxiety.Shortness of breath and irregular heart beat could also be brought on by anemia.Anxiety could be a symptom of deficiency of Vitamin B12 or zync.There are documented cases of people receiving panic attacks, immediately before a pancreatic cancer diagnosis comes up.Symptoms of anxiety are also early symptoms for psychosis.You need to make sure you contact a specialist for your diagnosis, and that you can rule out other conditions together.COPING WITH ANXIETYNormal ways to cope w ith anxietyFood.As with most illnesses, you need to make sure you are providing your body with the right chemical background, so your brain can start healing itself from the abnormal behaviors.This is, of course, only the first step, but you cannot go ahead without it.Most importantly, do not skip meals. Do NOT eat junk food. Many people comfort eat to alleviate their anxiety symptoms and this is obviously destructive. Eat green. Avocado, Asparagus and Kale have all been discovered to contain stress relieving nutrients.Limit alcohol and coffee. Both substances will alter your brain’s chemistry and will create peaks and lows in your moods that might result in you feeling overly happy and overly worried at times, even triggering panic attacks.Sleep.Do not succumb to anxiety’s attempts to keep you awake and alert. You need your beauty sleep. Eating right and exercising might keep you safe from racing thoughts and worries at night.Pro tip: If you can’t fall asleep, do not enter th e vicious circle of thoughts. Keep yourself distracted by reading a book. Avoid screens with artificial light! Your body will respond to it by keeping you more awake. Read from paper or an e-book with electronic ink at dim light.Exercise.It is common knowledge that exercise reduces stress, improves your mood and keeps you in top physical shape.The threshold of exercise as a for anxiety starts at 5 minutes a day of aerobic activity.Yoga.Yoga is a special kind of exercise that treats the body and the mind. It does put stress on the muscles and therefore allows for the release of endorphins that improve the mood. It also promotes better blood circulation which helps raise energy levels.But most of all, yoga turns the attention inwards and gives it focus. It is a particular, narrow state of mindfulness that will allow you to switch off that second channel at the back of your head that produces your worrying thoughts in the background.Mindset.Do not aim for perfection. Aim for the best y ou can do.Workaholism could be considered as a form of addiction, if it is driven by the person’s expectation of rewards when they succeed. But it could also be considered a form of anxiety if it is driven by a fear of failure.Calm yourself down and count your blessings. Know when you are doing well enough, not when you are doing perfect. If you want to tick all boxes, you will always be fearful you can’t.If you are ready to sacrifice a few achievements, you will perceive a lesser amount of dangers to you or your wellbeing.Get your priorities straight and the rest is welcome, but you can leave without it.Release control.The logic of healthy worrying is actually to identify potential danger, so you could take action to prevent damage. With anxiety, however, the victim often worries about situations out of their control.If you have social anxiety, you can’t really do a lot to make other people like you more. If you suffer from phobia of flying, you can’t really take control of the plane.Focus on always doing your best improving and strengthening yourself, and not on particular dangers that you need to prevent from happening.Shift focus.Studies tell us people who suffer from anxiety and depression focus too much on themselves. Often, to no fault of their own. They are not egotistical or narcissistic. That is just how their brains work.Shift your focus to thinking about others more often. Volunteer and get involved in charities. Researchers have discovered money do not make people happier. But giving away money does have a lasting effect on your mood and even your health.Know yourself.Be aware of what triggers your anxiety. Write down short overviews of your feelings through the day and keep track. Look for patterns.Pro tip: Use an app. There are dozens of available apps that will track your moods and provide you with statistics.Stay in therapy.Therapy is not a sprint. It’s not even a marathon. It is a life long journey. The American Psychological Assoc iation has discovered that patients show significant improvements after 8 to 10 sessions of therapy.Medication.Medication should be your last resort when you are dealing with anxiety. When your symptoms are overwhelming and manifest in physical ways that prevent you from having a normal everyday life, you may need to consider taking medication.Always remember, though, that medication treats your symptoms, while therapy treats the cause. Consider it as a temporary solution.This video from Psych2Go will give you more behaviors often exhibited by anxiety victims: Abnormal ways to cope with anxietyFood.Unhealthy attitudes towards food manifest in many ways that have to do with anxiety.Some people overeat in order to mute their nervous energy and calm themselves down.Others, unable to control their thoughts, control their food. Restriction and undereating are dangerous eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa often stems from the need to grasp back control, and is the most lethal mental disord er.Caffeine.Anxiety victims often tell themselves they need to be alert in order to keep everything under control.Caffeine does the job, but could lead to an unhealthy addiction or dependency and put you into a vicious cycle of sleep problems and lack of energy.On top of that, it does heighten the levels of nervousness.Alcohol.  Self-medicating with alcohol to dull out the symptoms of your disorder will work temporarily but it will make your symptoms worse in the long run.Overspending.Treating yourself to a shopping therapy session is tempting. A shopping spree does provide for a short term high, but afterwards you might find yourself with a more dangerous financial burden and new fears of losing control.Distractions.Spending hours in front of the TV or surfing the internet could be a good distraction, if you have those hours to spend.However, if you are missing out on more productive activities because of it, you need to find a way to introduce limits.LIFESTYLE WITH ANXIETYAnxiety is a lifelong companion.You need to learn to live with it and incorporate your coping mechanisms as a part of your lifestyle.What is normal when living with anxiety?Zac Hersh, 23, shares with the ADAA (Anxiety And Depression Association Of America) a part of his journey.‘For most of my life, I have dealt with a significant amount of anxiety. […] I thought being in that state was the normal way of life for everyone.’In his first year of college, Zac’s panic attacks started. So severe and scary that they nearly rendered him debilitated. He isolated himself and lost all sense of joy. He did not know how to snap back.‘It began with physical exercise. When my anxiety came up, I would go to the gym and workout. Eventually I got into running, swimming, biking, and yoga.’It was a temporary success. Zac was feeling better but could not go for a prolonged session of physical exercise every time he was not feeling good.He then discovered meditation and mindfulness. He traveled the world and attended retreats in order to study different techniques.‘[…] this led to the first week of my life that I was completely in command of my anxiety.’Zac shares meditation turned out to not be a magical panacea, either. But he keeps on working through issues, exploring techniques and never again allowed anxiety to stand between him and his life.Today, he is a college graduate, a certified personal trainer, yoga instructor, meditation coach, a distance runner, and triathlete.Zac’s story includes multiple elements that are to be expected when living with anxiety:Discovering your anxiousness is not normalFeelings of hopelessnessTemporary setbacksMaking a healthy way of life your ultimate treatmentAllison Kugel, today an accomplished writer, credits her mental illness with all successes in her career. Her OCD started at the fragile age of 7, with her going through rituals that were supposed to ensure her medical wellbeing.Anxiety, panic and depression followed suit.At on e point, she experienced up to 6 panic attacks a day. She found an outlet in creative writing.‘My highly sensitized being may have created anxiety, but it also blossomed into an ability to connect with others in a rarefied way, and to express myself as a successful journalist and writer.[…] I have turned it around from challenge to gift.’Allison’s story includes multiple elements that are to be expected when living with anxiety:Without proper treatment anxiety manifests itself in many formsFeelings of hopelessnessAccepting anxiety as a part of your lifeWhat is NOT normal when living with anxiety?There are seven deadly sins for people with anxiety.Any of those behaviors will be counterproductive to your physical and mental health in the long run.Do not substitute one disorder for another. Treat your anxiety by constantly improving your quality of life. Not by creating another problem. Overeating, undereating, self-medicating, or distracting yourself with unhealthy new habits is not an option. Eat right, exercise, sleep well and aim for a happy, healthy life.Do not despair. It gets better. Most victims of anxieties report feeling hopeless at least at one point of time. It is important to continue fighting and exploring your options. You cannot go back.Do not use your condition as an excuse. You cannot have your anxiety be an obstacle to your life goals, your career, or your family’s wellbeing. You can power through it, you are not fatally ill. It could feel debilitating at times, but you stay alive and kicking.Do not stop therapy. Anxiety victims could be tempted to stop their therapy if they feel it does not work, or if they feel they are cured and do not need it anymore. Anxiety is a system of thoughts, which could be influenced by therapy to shift from unhealthy to healthy thinking. Without therapy, your mind will swing back to its natural unhealthy state.Do not burden your friends and your family. You are allowed to speak of your disorder only if y ou are careful or if you need help. Your friends and family are your support system, not your therapy. Keep them informed, keep them assured you are OK. Do not complain, refrain from asking for help all the time, and do not overshare.Do not settle. Once you have improved, stabilized and gotten to a productive, happy place in your life, do not settle. You do not need to relentlessly look for new ways, but do not stop yourself from learning more and exploring new techniques.Do not focus on your disease. Pay it forward. Share your coping skills. Help friends and fellow sufferers.CONCLUSIONJust because anxiety is common, that does not make it less terrifying.It sets off unexpectedly, lingers on forever, and challenges your life in horrific, creative ways. It can be debilitating. But you do not have to allow it to slow you down.Step 1. Speak to a therapist. Get a diagnosis.Step 2. Make some life changes. It will be worth it.Step 3. Pursue your best self. Be stronger.Step 4. Identify your gains. Count your blessings.Step 5. Pay it forward. Help others.

Pedophilia Essay - 1659 Words

Paedophilia: comes from the Greek word; paidophilia, which means friendship. But such a meaning denies the true horror of their beliefs and actions. A paedophile is a person who fantasies about having a relationship with young children. It is a person with a dark, destructive and a disturbed mind. Society in general is revolted by these people but they are encouraged to view it with understanding. Many health officials describe it as a mental illness that has no known cure. This is why they have to hide their tendencies from public view. But who in there right frame of mind would send off their young, helpless child and pass them into the hands of a horrifying, mentally unstable babysitter? Would you leave your child alone? Defenceless and†¦show more content†¦These are insufferable acts and thoughts that cannot and should not be forgiven, even by government. Some people with paedophilia threaten children to stop them from reporting their action. Others like those who victimize children, can develop complex ways to gain access to their chosen victim thus gaining the Childs trust. But his is not always the case. The majority of paedophiles gain the trust of the parent to reassure them that the child is in safe hands. Once the child is theirs they would trade the child to other gangs of paedophilia because, by doing so they would make a profitable amount of money. Or an infrequent occasions, become a foster parent from a nonindistrialized nation. The most famous of cases is the â€Å"Holly and Jessica† case. Where the children knew the caretaker to be respectable and inevitably thought that it was safe place to go in a time of need. That was not the case. The caretaker, with the help of his current girlfriend, sexually abused the children. Beat them and murdered them. This is not the kind of world our future generation should be living in. They deserve protection from these sick and depraved â€Å"humans†. If these paedophiles were locked away on their first offence of paedophilia, these cruel deeds would never have been inflicted on these defenceless children. My argument is just such! The government should not allow them to get away with such ghastly behavior. Such abductions and types of molestation would then be onlyShow MoreRelatedPsychological Dispositions: Pedophilia and Paraphilia Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pages Pedophilia is one of several psychological dispositions referred to as paraphilias. Paraph ilia is a condition where sexual arousal is dependent on fantasizing about engaging in sexual behavior considered atypical or extreme (Psychology Today, 2014). Pedophilia and other paraphilia are viewed as mental illness that is abnormal, distasteful, weird, kinky and totally unacceptable by most people (Psychology Today, 2014). 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Energy Risk Management - 1692 Words

Social Innovation Centre Risk Management for Energy Efficiency Projects in Developing Countries _______________ Paul KLEINDORFER 2010/18/TOM/ISIC Risk Management for Energy Efficiency Projects in Developing Countries 1 Paul Kleindorfer * * The Paul Dubrule Chaired Professor of Sustainable D evelopment, Distinguished Research Professor at INSEAD Social Innovation Centre, Boule vard de Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau , France and Anheuser-Busch Professor Emeritus of Man age ment Science and Publi c Pol icy, The Wharton School of the Universi ty of Pennsylvani a Ph: +33 (0) 1 60 72 91 28 Email: paul.kleindorfe r@insead.edu A working paper in the INSEAD Working Paper Series is intended as a means whe†¦show more content†¦Introduction This report considers the role of risk management i n promoting profitable energy efficiency (EE) projects in industrial enterprises in developing co untries. The paper focuses on developing countries in the middle range of development (e.g., with per capita income greater than $2,000 per annum) where there is a significant industrial sector, although many of the issues here would apply to other countries, both above and below this level of development. 4 The key question posed here is how to improve the payoff in economic and environmental terms from cost- effective energy efficiency projects and initiative s. The starting point for this report is the maxim, by now well known in the development literature and is the banner for this entire report, that ther e are many profitable EE projects in nearly every industrial enterprise that are simply not implement ed. 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Research Paper on English Free Essays

As a consequence of the rapid globalization, the knowledge in communication is a need to survive in today’s life. We are required to have the skills in exchanging ideas with Different people, for we are now habituated to speaking to people from various places worldwide. English is the universal language, and the use of it enables us to communicate easily to other people. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on English or any similar topic only for you Order Now In school, there is an English subject in our curriculum. The idea of the need of learning this has been the factor that this research is made. Grammar is the foundation of all language. It is why our words produce ideas. And every word shall be properly organized to construct the intended thought. Through this study, the researcher will discuss the dynamics of the right grammar, the tenses to be used, and the subject-verb agreement strictly to be followed. This research will also facilitate future researchers on their further study about the same topic. Statement of the problem 1. What is English grammar? -The term â€Å"English grammar,† therefore, may have several meanings. It may refer to the whole of English grammar—that is, to the grammars of all the speakers of the language, which means including a great deal of variation. Alternatively, it may refer only to what is common to the grammars of all, or of the vast majority of, English speakers (such as subject-verb-object word order in simple declarative sentences). Or it may refer to the rules of a particular, relatively well defined variety of English (such as Standard English). â€Å"An English grammar† is a specific description, study or analysis of such rules. A reference book describing the grammar of a language is called a â€Å"reference grammar† or simply â€Å"a grammar†. A fully explicit grammar exhaustively describing the grammatical constructions of a language is called a descriptive grammar. Linguistic description contrasts with linguistic prescription, which tries to enforce rules of how a language is to be used. 2. What is tense? Tense is a grammatical category that locates a situation in time that indicates when the situation takes place. In languages which have tense, it is usually indicated by a verb or modal, often combined with categories such as aspect, mood, and voice. 3. Importance of the study This topic aims to develop the communicative competence of the students in English, so that they can use the language in day to day interaction and more opportunity in academic situation. Limitations of the study This study limits only to the English language and its common rules, Thus, this research will only provide rules, examples, and tips in our English grammar. Definition of terms Grammar- is the set of structural rules that govern the composition of sentences, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. Linguists do not normally use the term to refer to orthographical rules, although usage books and style guides that call themselves grammars may also refer to spelling and punctuation. Tense- is a grammatical category that locates a ituation in time that indicates when the situation takes place. In languages which have tense, it is usually indicated by a verb or modal, often combined with categories such as aspect, mood, and voice. Subject-Verb agreement- The basic grammar rule in English is, of course, the subject-verb agreement rule. It prescribes that the operative verb of a sentence should always agree with its subject in number. This means that a subject thatâ€⠄¢s singular in number should take a verb in the singular form, and that a subject that’s plural in number should take a verb in the plural form. How to cite Research Paper on English, Essays

Marketing Mix Strategies of McDonald-Free-Samples for Students

Question: International Marketing Mix Strategies of McDonald's in Pakistan. Answer: Objectives The company intends to use apply the marketing mix strategies to increase its market share by 60 percent in the next 12 month. To provide quality menus with exemplary services at reasonable prices Vision and mission The mission of the company is to become a customer-favorite place to eat, drink, and have fun. The plan to win strategy focuses on exceptional customer experience founded on the 4Ps that the company will use to improve its operations and customer experience in Pakistan International Marketing Mix Strategies: McDonald's in Pakistan Introduction McDonalds remains the dominant player in the fast-food service retailer, especially the hamburger. The company serves over 35,000 restaurants worldwide with over 50 million clients daily(McDonald's, 2012). McDonald was restructured to pursue the go international, act local culture thus defining its production principles. McDonalds products like sirloin, fries, soft drinks, breakfast items, burgers, milk, chicken, and candy offer a significant feeling(McDonalds India, 2012). The company operates on offering the best quality services to its customers thus encourage repeat customers. The company uses different strategies to meet the expectations of the clients. Situational Analysis Market share model and market analysis McDonald is an indisputable marketplace leader in the Burger business. It has become a quick nourishing industry with a perceived productive and prominent brand image. In fact, the McDonaldization is a term coined from its anticipated quick nourishment aspects(Bressan Paola, 2014). As part of its advertising strategy, the company has distinguished the needs of clients and it strives to satisfy their requests. It further assesses its advertising techniques thus identify pitfalls regarding execution. The company boasts of over 30,000 eateries worldwide where it serves millions of customers. The company used the three-legged stool to define its operations. The three legs stand for the employees, suppliers, and proprietors(Zaiem Zghidi, 2011). The connection or relationship between these stakeholders has made the company succeed because the connection defines the game plan. McDonald's has invested in sustainable and quality programs that deliver structures and supports its commerce model. McDonald's in Pakistan In Pakistani, the companys operations are insignificant because it has failed to rule the market. The company needs to focus on expansion to control this potential market. Although many corporations have failed in this country, McDonald's have an opportunity to expand(Foxworth, 2013). The company should consider investing in the country, with focus on the urban communities including Karachi, Hyderabad, Islamabad, and Lahore. The company must consider introducing some of its pieces and build its establishment in the targeted communities. Competitive Analysis KFC is the leading player in the Pakistani market where it had introduced its chicken sandwich. The introduction of the McChicken expanded the KFCs expenses because it believed its sandwich was mindful of customers. Competitive edge Differentiation McDonald enjoys a competitive advantage in the market. Since its inception, the company has never placed a stock without considering the tastes and preferences of customers(Alexander, 2012). The company has used most of its opportunities to learn the tastes of the society to avoid cultural conflict. It has considered the immense customer market by continuously contrasting the tastes. This implies that the company depends on the support of the basic slants. The company has passed its products within external territories through its connections that are aware of the mechanisms in the new market. Cost leadership The company has the potential to purchase supplies in mass thus benefit from economies of scale, McDonalds leases properties and zone to comprehend its brand name(McDonald's, 2012). It has used its strengths to publicise its diverse chains thus understands the picture. PEST Model Political factors The Pakistani government has recently increased its GST regarding the service industry. The changes in the regulations and rules can easily disrupt McDonalds operations(Horovitz, 2014). For several years, the country has experienced the worst political instability thus affecting the import-export policies because the governments always use its ideologies to define its relationship with the external authorities. However, with strained relations with the West, McDonald has experienced troubles with the government, especially its raw materials imports. Nevertheless, the company is never expected to compromise the quality. Economic factors The recent economic downturn affected the companys earnings. Sometimes, the organization can exaggerate its sales to befit the expectations of stakeholders. The company also faces problems with the exchange rates, interest rates, and currency. The continued increases in the production costs have affected McDonalds performance(Horovitz, 2014). In Pakistan, the company is exposed to various variables influencing its operations. Similarly, most of the Pakistani customers are middle-class. Due to the financial downturn and cutbacks, these customers have retreated as they consider McDonalds products as an extravagance. Social factors The customers in Pakistan are brand cognizant as they turn out to enjoy their times in the eateries(McDonald's, 2012). Unfortunately, some customers have become hostile to the American products. In effect, some customers and organization have boycotted the merchandise. Technological factors Innovation and creativity have benefited McDonald in its operations worldwide. Most of the representatives use the technology to serve brisk management. Similarly, the workers also use the personal computers to maximize their productivity and monitor the administration framework(Ali, 2014). According to studies, the company has benefited from Google Apps and other office software sites. For instance, it has managed to meet the needs of customers online, especially those who place their orders through the internet. The company has also promoted the informal contacts. For instance, workers can use Google+ and Facebook to contact and mark their sources. Key Success Factors McDonalds is an efficient player in the food sector because of the key success factors. Food quality is the leading quality control rule the company has used for decades. McDonalds has used the stricter quality control to achieve the nourishment security in the market. It has kept the company stronger than its suppliers shipping the hamburgers(Aldi, 2014). Additionally, the companys positive image and good reputation is another success factor. Fast-food Caf has built positive image and brand thus assuring its customers quality food(Akgun, Keskin, Ayar, 2014). It has remained a standout company in the modern world thus earning customer trust, confidence, and great picture. It has become the best spot for children and families thus affirming its exceptional value. Convenient locations The company has operated ahead of its rivals because of its convenient locations. The company identifies its strategic locations thus make it approachable and easily accessible. The appealing spots have made it possible for customers to enjoy their fascinating experiences. For example, the Hyperstar Karachi franchise catches the attention of customers. McDonalds Rawalpindi/Islamabad is strategically located to attract clients. Critical Issues McDonalds key issues include price sensitivity, terrible PR, and operation costs. As part of its price sensitivity, it has increasingly used high prices that can drive clients away. The company needs to focus on improving its pointless and wasteful operational territories to cut operating costs. McDonalds has an outstanding brand image. For instance, it is believed that the company offers its customers good remunerations(Ali, 2014). However, the organization has suffered a grave dissent from its workforce who complains of low wages. Marketing strategy In business, marketing strategy defines the commitment of an organization to meet the expectations of customers(Ahmed, Ahmad, Parmar, Khoso, 2014). It focuses on the action path that it has to execute to serve different individuals in the market. The company has established a marketing framework to market the products, McDonald's has incessantly controlled its marketing strategy by controlling limits thus minimize expenditures on the process(McDonald's, 2012). Upon establishing the marketing strategy, to company assigns different people distinct obligations to actualize the plan. The company uses its framework to set up inputs and quantify the targets. Customer analysis McDonald has identified the elements that define the expectations and buying behavior of customers. McDonalds offers hamburgers to its customers(McDonald's, 2012). However, it also offers them everything that can influence their purchasing choices. For instance, the picture element is essential in determining the feelings of customers upon buying it. The company has used advertising to establish a strong position and perception of customers. Segmentation The company has also benefited from its unique segmentation strategies that are based on various variables. Geography The company views Pakistani market as a metropolitan market. The topography of the national markets has made the organization to calm different portions, it is important for it to concentrate on the urban business regions(Yeu, Leong, Tong, 2012). McDonalds nourishes the metropolitan masses. This is achieved because of the natural dietary culture in the market and its continued efforts to use a standardized approach to attain sustainable market. Demographical In Pakistan, the majority of the consumers are low-income earners and middle-class population. This implies that these targeted customers use their pay to meet their daily expenses. The metropolitan masses can afford the companys offers and products. These products meet the expectation of the common laborers(McDonalds UK, 2012). The company also considers age as an element. The family factor is also important in determining the strategy it uses to serve the market. Currently, the company will be concentrating on the family who pursues family suppers. Psychographic The company also considers the caretakers who intend to give their kids a lasting experience. Kids have to visit McDonalds to have the fun of eating(McDonald's, 2012). The company offers sustenance tastes and quick associations that can influence their clamor for young people. Behavioural McDonalds has organized different events and vacations to attract clients. Presently, the organization targets the customary clients with its promotional strategies. With the recent positioning in India, it has created an extraordinary event thus advancing its origin substances. International marketing mix The company is an international organization that engages in serving different customers with diverse preferences and tastes. It has to use distinct strategies to meet the customers expectations. In fact, the company has embraced an adaptation strategy instead of standardizing its marketing strategies. In most cases, the organization combines its globalization and internationalization elements to serve the clients in the fast-food markets(Vignali, 2001). The company strives to adapt to the local communities in its global operational environment. Product The company understands that customers would be satisfied when it offers a menu that befits their expectations. McDonald's provides customers choices because many customers spend their money differently on various needs(Price, 2002). By offering them choices, the company is catering to their needs. According to the company, focusing on the menus ordered is critical because McDonald has always strived to create a menu demanded by customers. This is an adaptation strategy instead of creating a standardized menu. With the rapidly changing technology, the organization has acknowledged the factors which customers consider(Khoso, Ahmed, Ahmed, 2014). Therefore, McDonald has invested heavily in its RD to monitor the market preferences. To the company, introducing new products is propriety and eliminating the previous ones is necessary for its survival. The company focuses on the beverage and food products. It intends to offer various gifts to attract customers, especially the kids. The strategy is an innovative move to offer products. This company values the Pakistanis religion, cultural background, personal disposable income, and buying habits(McDonalds India, 2012). It has adopted the marketing and product mix to meet the needs of the local customers. For instance, in India, the burgers contain fish or chicken instead of using the beef because it is sacred. In Mexico, this product is served with chili sauce. However, the company has standardized its burger, except in other markets. Promotion The marketing mix element involves communicating with customers and provides the strategies to communicate with them. McDonald has differentiated the minds of customers using their services(Aldi, 2014). The company also uses different campaigns to promote its products. It promotes the idea and products this prepare the best orders to clients. For example, it offers opportunities for customers seeking to enjoy a quick lunch. In most cases, it has communicated such services using different strategies. Integrated marketing communication Advertising McDonald communicates its advertisement messages through different mediums, such as Radio, print media, TV, and online. In the United States, the company has invested in the TV Ads. In Pakistan, McDonald's uses national channels and social media to advertise its products(Ali, 2014). The company promotes its videos on YouTube and Facebook. For instance, its processes transform the ordinary potato into the Mac-Fries. Sales Promotions McDonald's has proposed to increase its sales promotion in this new market. The fast-food industry in Pakistan is booming despite being stiff competition(Akgun, Keskin, Ayar, 2014). The local restaurants also offer similar products cheaply. McDonald needs to use exciting deals better than the local restaurants. Public relations The company is yet to use the public relations policy in Pakistan. However, McDonald is a house of philanthropies and a defender of ecological activities(Khoso, Ahmed, Ahmed, 2014). It uses the best green project to bolster its corporate brand. The green environmental activity will help the firm to increase its social and corporate image. Direct selling McDonalds engages in direct selling in many countries. However, in Pakistan, the direct selling is unpopular. For instance, it can sell the product to corporate client businesses, community parties, events, and local government(Akgun, Keskin, Ayar, 2014). McDonald has invested in advertising and it will use the strategy to promote its marketing mix thus succeed in Pakistan. The company needs to initiate rigorous advertising of its products on the Pakistan television channels. It will also benefit from the sales promotion. Pricing In the international market, pricing remains a complex task. It is a value proposition is the customers minds. Given the current economic situation, many customers draw the mental picture of the value of any product. The psychological meaning of pricing would involve the move by a customer to perceive the value of product beyond or below its market value(Bressan Paola, 2014). Nonetheless, it is critical to consider other factors like competition, fixed and variable costs, and the targeted market. McDonald's seems to create the value in customers mind thus satisfy their expectations. In Pakistan, McDonald's uses the psychological pricing and price bundling(Horovitz, 2014). It uses both strategies to offer different discounts and deals, especially when it comes to price bundling. In psychological pricing, the company looks affordable by rounding its prices off like charging Rs. 299, or Rs. 99. McDonald's also intends to use the integrated pricing strategy to become successful. The company uses the best formula to set affordable prices thus targets the relevant market. It finds it easy to create the differentiation perception the customers mind(Aldi, 2014). For instance, customers will try to maintain the lowest prices for its products in Pakistan compared to its rivals like KFC. However, KFC controls the larger market share than McDonald's in Pakistan. The company will also be offering innovative products including Macc-Allo-Tiki-Burger to benefit the Indian customers in Pakistan. Like in India, in the Pakistani market, many customers are poor thus making it possible to design menus that befit their living standards. Place The marketing mix focuses on the distribution of products and services. Distribution of products allows the companies to reach out to the clients. According to studies, scholar (Alexander, 2012), have defined distribution based on the physical presence of the products. It depends on the management process. Importantly, the distribution processes remain engaging to offer customers to the targeted customers. McDonald's has identified the best location where customers can access the product. In Pakistan, it has created physical and virtual locations to sell the products including restaurants, websites and apps, kiosks, and McDonald mobile apps. Importantly, the Pakistani restaurants will generate more sales than the other sales points. The Kiosks also offer some selected products. Control, Implementation, and Contingency Plan The company anticipates affirming its position and maintaining the reputation by focusing on the overall performance of the company. Marketing Plan for Implementation The company should create an appropriate marketing plan by working on higher hierarchy thus off-guideline to its relevant departments. Objective The company anticipates achieving its objectives of focusing on the overall financial positions including sales, profit, market share, and budget. The company will manage to achieve its objective upon analyzing the divisions and departments within the plan. It will have to invest in marketing channels, communication, and research. Contingency plan If the company fails to match its goals and values, it must consider the second option. The company will have to establish additional prioritize in its pipeline by reviewing the new product, services, and location. Conclusion McDonald stands a high chance of improving its revenues by expanding into the Pakistani market. The fast-food industry is a viable sector in the Pakistani market. Despite stiff competition in the market, the marketing mix provides an opportunity for McDonald to achieve its goals. Nonetheless, the company should consider the integrated marketing communication strategy to overcome the impact of the local restaurants and KFC. Based on this marketing plan, the company has an opportunity to enlarge its market position by offering the new products that meet the expectations of its clients References Ahmed, R., Ahmad, N., Parmar, V., Khoso, I. (2014). Role of Packaging and Labeling on Pakistani Consumers Purchase Decision. European Scientific Journal, 10(16), 464-473. Akgun, A. E., Keskin, H., Ayar, H. (2014). Standardization and adaptation of international marketing mix activities: A case study. Precedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 609-618. Aldi, T. (2014, June 4). Business case studies. Retrieved October 5, 2017, from https://businesscasestudies.co.ke/mcdonalds-restaurants/the-market-process/the-marketing-miz-and-market-research.html1#axzz46BicwLU6 Alexander, A. (2012, March 12). Which is the worlds biggest employer? Retrieved October 12, 2017, from https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17429786 Ali, A. (2014, February 11). Fast food consumption in Pakistan. Retrieved October 6, 2017, from brandsynario: https://www.brandsynario.com/fast-food-consumption-in-pakistan/ Bressan, F., Paola, S. (2014). Get off to a good start. International relationship marketing in emerging markets. Precedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 1230-1239. Foxworth, J. (2013, June 5). Segmenting and Targeting Markets. Retrieved October 6, 2017, from https://bababababamcdonalds.blogspot.com/2013/05/chapter-8-segmenting-and-targeting_6.html Horovitz, B. (2014, May 18). McDonald's testing seasoned fries. Retrieved October 6, 2017, from USA Today: https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2014/05/08/mcdonalds-french-fries-fast-food-restaurants/8857099/ Khoso, I., Ahmed, R., Ahmed, J. (2014). Pricing Strategies in Pharmaceutical Marketing. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 3(7), 13-17. McDonalds India. (2012). McDonald India. Retrieved October 5, 2017, from mcdonaldindia.com: https://www.mcdonaldindia.com/ McDonalds UK. (2012). Marketing at McDonald's. Retrieved October 6, 2017, from https://www.mcdonalds.co.uk McDonalds. (2012). About McDonald's. Retrieved October 5, 2017, from Official Global Corporate Website: https://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/ Price, L. H. (2002, May 12). Fast-Food Restaurant Industry Analysis. Retrieved October 5, 2017, from megaslides.com: https://megaslides.com/viewer_next/build/pdf.worker.js Vignali, C. (2001). "McDonalds: think global, act locally the marketing mix". British Food Journal, 103(2), 97-111. Yeu, C. S., Leong, K. C., Tong, L. C. (2012). A comparative study on international marketing mix in China and India: The case of McDonalds. Precedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1-6. Zaiem, I., Zghidi, A. (2011). Product adaptation strategy and export performance: The impacts of the internal firm characteristics and business segment. Contemporary Management Research, 7(4), 291-311.

Quentin Tarantino Quentin Tarantino Essay Example

Quentin Tarantino Quentin Tarantino Essay This is no wonder that Quentin Tarantino forwarded the film by two definitions of pulp’: A soft, moist, shapeless mass of matter, and A magazine or book containing lurid subject matter and being characteristically printed on rough, unfinished [i. e. , pulp] paper (Gehring 1996, p. 151). Relying on these definitions, Gehring (1996, p. 151) defined the film itself as a rough mass of a comically skewed narrative on the life and hard times of a hit man. Writer/director of the film Tarantino characterised his artistic principle as, I like things unexplained (Biskind 1994, p. 100).To summarise, the movie definitely stands apart from the rest of the films on the list in regard to the plot structure. The other movies follow the most popular with the criminal films type of narrative – the chronicle or epic of a criminal career. Characters: From the general point of view, this is ridiculous to classify the characters of these films as positive’ and negative’. Whatever different motives they have for the criminal behaviour, all these fictional characters are not excused for violence, slaughters, treacheries, heists, and other amoral acts.Under this circumstances, the taxonomy suggested by Rafter (2000) and Leitch (2002) appeared to be useful. We will write a custom essay sample on Quentin Tarantino Quentin Tarantino specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Quentin Tarantino Quentin Tarantino specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Quentin Tarantino Quentin Tarantino specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to both, the characters could be classified into three major types regardless of the categories of the crime film according to the main theme: An epic gangster who creates the criminal empire and watches it crumbling; A man-on-the run/a man in disguise; An avenger/persecutor/law-abider. Three films – Public Enemy, Roaring Twenties, and The Long Good Friday – definitely fit the frame of the first category.Four films – White Heat, Brighton Rock, Hana-bi, and Sexy Beast – feature the second type of characters. Two films – Get Carter and Gangs of New York – seem to belong to the third category. Three films – Brother, Gangster No. 1, and Goodfellas – are synthetic in regard to the type of their characters. Pulp Fiction stands apart from the aforestated categories due to its postmodern non linear and complex nature. The suggested categorisation is flexible since some of the films are ambiguous in regard to their character’s type and, therefore, may enter several categories at once.The details are discussed below. An epic gangster Five films – Public Enemy, Roaring Twenties, Brighton Rock, The Long Good Friday, and Gangster No. 1– were classified as having the type of an epic gangster as a main hero. In regard to the earliest film on the list, Public Enemy, Shadoian (2003, p. 29) once stated that its main character, Tom Powers (James Cagney) is likely to succumb to a combination of hubris, social fate, and moral reckoning in plots resembling those of classical tragedy.Within a tradition of popular tragedy in film (Shadoian 2003, p. 29), the heroes like Tom Powers possess strong charisma but are cursed by their nature, their environment, their heritage, so far as their desires and goals [are] overwhelmed by an immutable and often unpredictable concatenation of forces. Tom Powers’ environment makes him the victim. Tom Powers, the youngest son in the lower middle-class family of a police officer and a housewife, grows up in a small industrial city. He learns his first lessons not at school desk but rather in a brewery, a local honky-tonk place under the guidance of Putty Nose, and on the streets.Starting with petty thefts, Tom is rising gradually on the criminal scale and finally establishes the criminal empire of his own. Tom Powers is abandoned by all social institutes: his family, his class, the society in general. It is made clear that the hero has positive inclinations in regard to his ambitious desires to become somebody’, to bust out of this deprived, depressing limbo of aimless loafing (Shadoian 2003, p. 54).But society plied Tom with insufficient knowledge and skills to become somebody else than a gangster. As Shadoian (2003, p. 50) emphasised, the appeal of Tim’s personality was preconditioned by the fact that his aspirations are located in his desire and his ability to be a certain way, to exist in a lively manner. The spectator is permitted no direct access to the overt signs of Tom’s prosperity. What matters, what is gripping, is Tom Powerss personal vitality in a context of inertia, stolidity, and hesitancy, and it can only have scope outside the boundaries of legitimate activity. (Shadoian 2003, p. 50) Tom knows how to live, and we admire him for that.We respond to his amoral enjoyment of a full array of lifes pleasures. We lose sight of the cost to others his living so high and free exacts. The gangsters defects become virtues, the surface manifestations of his success obscuring his more important failings. [†¦] We are so caught up in Toms urge to live that we do not take full advantage of several opportunities to back away from him. The values he carries are too attractive. Long after the film has made it clear that hes a lost cause not worth backing, the shock of his mortality registers. (Shadoian, 2003, pp. 54-55)

Free Essays on A Tragic Day

â€Å"A Tragic Day† It was a cold winter day in December, my cousin who lived in California was visiting us and was here to take of his own business which is in located in Downtown. My mom was cooking, my brother was sleeping, my dad was watching television and I was with my friend getting ready to go out. It seemed like any other normal day with no expectations of what was about to happen. My mom had called my cousin to ask him what he wanted for dinner, he joked around with my mom, like usual, and told her what he wanted to eat. About ten minutes later the phone rings and my brother picks, he quietly walked to the bathroom after hanging up, the phone rings again but this time my dad picks up, after a minute I hear my mom crying and screaming. Me and my friend got worried and stepped out of my room to find out what was wrong, I had not expected for what I was to hear, I kept on asking what was wrong but got no answers. After a minute, my dad tells me my cousin got shot; we did not know what really at that point. My family and I rush out of the house, thinking his at the hospital and that he will be okay, but minutes later my brothers friend calls to let us know that he has passed away. There were so many questions going trough our heads at that time and still are till now, we had no clue what had happened since, my mom had spoken to him ten minutes earlier and everything seemed alright. After reaching at the store where his body was still lying, we find out that he had shot himself while playing a game called Russian Rolaids. We don’t know why he played such a dangerous game, so many of his friends, including my dad had tried to stop him from playing, but unfornately he did not listen. We still don’t know what drove him to commit suicide, even tough he would talk about death and now we realize that we should have got him help. The hardest part was informing his parents and fiancà ©, who are living in Pakistan and were expec... Free Essays on A Tragic Day Free Essays on A Tragic Day â€Å"A Tragic Day† It was a cold winter day in December, my cousin who lived in California was visiting us and was here to take of his own business which is in located in Downtown. My mom was cooking, my brother was sleeping, my dad was watching television and I was with my friend getting ready to go out. It seemed like any other normal day with no expectations of what was about to happen. My mom had called my cousin to ask him what he wanted for dinner, he joked around with my mom, like usual, and told her what he wanted to eat. About ten minutes later the phone rings and my brother picks, he quietly walked to the bathroom after hanging up, the phone rings again but this time my dad picks up, after a minute I hear my mom crying and screaming. Me and my friend got worried and stepped out of my room to find out what was wrong, I had not expected for what I was to hear, I kept on asking what was wrong but got no answers. After a minute, my dad tells me my cousin got shot; we did not know what really at that point. My family and I rush out of the house, thinking his at the hospital and that he will be okay, but minutes later my brothers friend calls to let us know that he has passed away. There were so many questions going trough our heads at that time and still are till now, we had no clue what had happened since, my mom had spoken to him ten minutes earlier and everything seemed alright. After reaching at the store where his body was still lying, we find out that he had shot himself while playing a game called Russian Rolaids. We don’t know why he played such a dangerous game, so many of his friends, including my dad had tried to stop him from playing, but unfornately he did not listen. We still don’t know what drove him to commit suicide, even tough he would talk about death and now we realize that we should have got him help. The hardest part was informing his parents and fiancà ©, who are living in Pakistan and were expec...

Fashion Marketing innovation idea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fashion Marketing innovation idea - Essay Example The essay "Fashion Marketing innovation idea" presents the idea of using Pop-Up Stores to Boost Sales for Online Fashion Shop. Tackling the above stated problems in the online business may require a bit of innovativeness. Pop-up stores, also known as flash retail, stand as an ideal means to extend the online brand to consumers who are offline and consequently build the confidence of consumers to interact with the e-shop frequently. Consumers embrace and flock to the myriad manifestations of pop-up stands and it is thus an innovative and legitimate means of making a connection with consumer and extending online brands. The most recent iterations of pop-up spaces unearth high-end signage, decorative displays, cutting-edge mobile commerce capacities, and significant interactive experience that can benefit any online business to have meaningful connection with customers. This report elucidates how these innovations – pop-up stores – can help in increasing sales for online f ashion shops that are grappling with diffusing their new brands to the market. Further, pop-up stores are discussed in detail as a marketing mix to show how online fashion businesses can make the most out of something that is seemingly temporary. This report’s main aim is to depict how pop-up stores can make the most out of pop-up shops and off line spaces to revamp their brands and boost sales.The report will also show the short term and long term benefit of having an extra outlet for fashion product in terms of sales.

Pregant Women with HIV Infections Research Paper

Pregant Women with HIV Infections - Research Paper Example Pregnant Women with HIV Infections Part A HIV/AIDS is a disease that has had its implications on society in a very vast manner especially over the last two decades. The disease came to prominence around the year 1987 and since then the number of infections have been on the steady rise. The disease is spread through very many distinct ways. There is the spread of the disease from having many sexual partners, the sharing of sharp objects with a person already infected with the virus and finally yet importantly, there is that of pregnant women transferring the disease to their unborn babies. This paper will be very clear in expressing the issues faced by pregnant women with HIV/AIDS and the various manners through which society observes and treats them. It is important to look at this issue because there is a lot of stigma around concerning these women. The United States views the problem of these women in various perspectives and offers the best that it can through the healthcare syste m to ensure that they receive the amount of care they require. The problems faced by these women are widespread and are all across the world but the different manners through which the healthcare organizations look at them is very important. One of the very important aspects of the issue that the United States health system focuses on is the counseling of these women so that they cannot feel left out or rather feel weird. The women receive treatment in a manner through which they receive the best medical care because there is also the focus on the health condition of the unborn child. The screening of the women is rather imperative for the research of other health issues that may make them weaker. When a person has HIV/AIDS, the white blood cells that are responsible for the guard of the body do not function correctly. It is for this reason that any other health condition is supposed to be given a priority to ensure that the women do not suffer a lot. This was study carried out by t he National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The United States also takes the issue rather seriously from the manner in which medical practitioners offer the required prophylaxis. The government has a major role to play in this because there are many countries that have bills that have the family of the HIV/AIDS infected patient carrying the burden of paying the bills for the medication. The medication is very important as it assists in the healing of Opportunistic Infections. These infections were reported to have killed around 37% of all pregnant HIV/AIDS patients in the United States over the period between 1990 and 2000. The analysis made it very important for the government to bring in a program that ensured that the deaths resulting from these infections reduced (Adams, 2011). The issue of HIV/AIDS is taken in a rather serious manner in the United States from the number of bills that are passed regarding the issue. One of the bills passed ensured that among all the necessary tests taken by pregnant women when being admitted to hospitals, HIV/AIDS becomes one of them (Adams, 2011). The first step taken is immunization that also assists in protecting the unborn child from contracting the disease. The reason as to why the government decided to make a priority while handling pregnant women is from the manner through which parents’

Summary On Turkey Import Export Economics Essay

Summary On Turkey Import Export Economics Essay Turkey is officially known as the Republic of Turkey is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia mostly in the Anatolian peninsula and in East Thrace in South-eastern Europe. Turkeys location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia makes it a country of significant geostrategic importance. In addition to its strategic location, Turkeys growing economy and diplomatic initiatives have led to its recognition as a regional power in the Middle East. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) , Turkey is expected to be the fastest growing economy among OECD members between 2011 and 2017, with an annual average growth rate of 6.7 percent. Although immigration from rural to urban areas since 1990 has been high, 24.5% of the population still lives in rural areas. The major cities and their populations are: Istanbul, the trade and finance centre, 12.9 million; Ankara, the capital, 4.7 million; Izmir a major player in the dairy, greenhouse and tourism sector, 3.9 million; Bursa, the centre of automotive manufacturing and food processing, 2.6 million; Adana, the centre of agricultural production,2.1 million; Konya, the canter of grain production, 2.0 million; and Antalya, the centre of vegetable production and tourism sector, 1.9 million. The population of Turkey is expected to reach 75.8 in 2013 and 77.6 million in 2015. Seventy-two percent of the population is under the age of 35 and 26% is under t he age of 15. Parameter Value in Year 2010 : Population 74 million, Labour Force (Population) 25.9 million Median Age 29.2, GDP USD 736 billion, GDP Per Capita USD 10,079, Exports Value USD 120.9 billion, Imports Value USD 185 billion, Tourism Revenue USD 20.8 billion, Tourist Number 28.5 million people, Foreign Direct Investment USD 9.1 billion, Number of Companies with Foreign Capital 25,500, Inflation Rate 6.4%. Turkeys largely free-market economy is increasingly driven by its industry and service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. An aggressive privatization program has reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, and communication, and an emerging cadre of middle-class entrepreneurs is adding dynamism to the economy and expanding production beyond the traditional textiles and clothing sectors. The automotive, construction, and electronics industries, are rising in importance and have surpassed textiles within Turkeys export mix. Oil began to flow through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, marking a major milestone that will bring up to 1 million barrels per day from the Caspian to market. Several gas pipelines projects also are moving forward to help transport Central Asian gas to Europe through Turkey, which over the long term will help address Turkeys dependence on imported oil and gas to meet 97% of its ene rgy needs. After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. Turkeys public sector debt to GDP ratio has fallen to roughly 40%. Continued strong growth has pushed inflation to the 8% level, however, and worsened an already high current account deficit. Turkey remains dependent on often volatile, short-term investment to finance its large trade deficit. The stock value of FDI stood at $99 billion at year-end 2011. Inflows have slowed considerably in light of continuing economic turmoil in Europe, the source of much of Turkeys FDI. Further economic and judicial reforms and prospective EU membership are expected to boost Turkeys attractiveness to foreign investors. However, Turkeys relatively high current account deficit, uncertainty related to monetary policy-making, and political turmoil within Turkeys neighbourhood leave the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence. IMPORT REGULATION Overall, Turkey has a relatively free market for trade in goods and services as a result of liberalization measures introduced over the past two decades. Turkey follows basic WTO rules to regulate imports and tariff structures and has adopted the European Union (EU)s common customs tariff for imports from third countries. Turkey signed a customs union with the EU in 1996, eliminating all duties and charges on goods imported from EU member countries, excluding services, public procurement and unprocessed agricultural products. Turkey has signed free trade agreements with various countries and extends preferential treatment for least developed countries and some developing countries. TARIFFS AND CLASSIFCATION OF GOODS Turkeys tariff schedule is based on both the Harmonized Coding System (HS) and the Combined Nomenclature (CN) of the European Union within the framework of the Customs Union. Import duties are calculated on cost, insurance and freight (CIF) prices and are levied as a percentage on the landed value of the good. The importer is responsible for payment of the Turkish value-added tax (VAT), which is set at 18% for the majority of imports or 26% for luxury goods. Goods on which duty was paid on entry to an EU country can be admitted duty-free to Turkey and vice versa (with exceptions for agricultural goods and some industrial products). Clearance time is usually one to three days, depending on the type of freight. In the event of a classification dispute, the higher duty can be paid with the intent to seek reimbursement at a later date STANDARD The Turkish Standards Institute (TSE) is responsible for setting standards in Turkey. TSE approval is required to import any product covered under these standards. Many categories of products are subject to restrictions and special requirements such as narcotics (prohibited) and weapons (subject to strict license control). Items such as live animals, medicines and pharmaceuticals, food and plant products, organic chemicals, telecommunications equipment, ozone-depleting substances, explosives, banknotes and commercial paper, radioactive materials and temporary import of goods for exhibition may require additional permissions and certificates from government agencies. FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN TURKEY Foreign direct investment plays an important role in the Turkish economy. The Government has introduced reforms to improve the investment environment in Turkey, such as simplified procedures, new legislation and tax incentives to attract foreign investors. Under Turkeys programme to privatize state enterprises, foreign investors benefit from the same rights and incentives as local investors. FREE TRADE ZONES IN TURKEY Turkey has numerous free trade zones, considered to be outside the jurisdiction of Turkish customs authorities. Goods can be imported duty-free, assembled, manufactured, stored, repackaged and re-exported without paying tariffs. Unlike many free zones around the world, Turkish free zones allow sales into the Turkish market, subject to a fee. EXPORT REGULATION TRANSIT 1 Increased concern on the transit of dual-use items within Turkey as well as within the international community. Relevant Turkish legislation 1 The related provisions of the under secretariat of Foreign Trade Communiquà © 2003/12 on the Control of Exports of Dual-Use and Sensitive Items. The related provisions of the Customs Law no. 4458 dated 5 February 2000 which conforms with EU Customs Code (Council Regulation 2913/92). TRANSIT 2 Relevant Turkish legislation 2 Anti Smuggling Law no. 5607. Within this legislative framework, transits of items that are subject to export controls are treated on a case-by-case basis within the scope of interagency cooperation. ENFORCEMENT -1 Located in a sensitive geography where transit-trade and transit-shipment is common, customs enforcement and ground interdiction in general is of prime importance to Turkey. Customs authorities use an extensive database for enforcement purposes. New security systems have also been developed and established to prevent illegal trafficking of goods. ENFORCEMENT- 2 Intelligence and Land Border Gates Vehicle Pursuit Program has been developed. System currently operates at strategically important land border gates and seaports. All alerts and intelligence information about suspected vehicles, goods, firms, brokers and other actors are introduced into this program and forwarded to all regional units. ENFORCEMENT- 3 Fixed and mobile vehicle and container scanning systems Fixed, mobile and handheld radiation detection units Transit Vehicle Traction System / Monitoring of movements at the Control Centre in Ankara. System alerts enforcement officers when The vehicle leaves its specified route within Turkey, or The vehicle remains outside the path already specified, The mobile tracking unit is removed. EXPORT CONTROLS: COOPERATION ON THE GROUND We receive intelligence (either through own Intel channels or through international cooperation. Immediate action by MFA: call on board interagency task force. Depending on the intelligence: relevant export control authority + intelligence insight sought + if necessary military advice (including naval/air). Ability to confirm proper licensing/customs info. Intelligence needs to be on time and accurate. A CHALLENGE IN EXPORT CONTROLS-FREE ZONES-1 Constitutes a loophole within control systems. Can be exploited by proliferators. The transfer of sensitive items to other destinations is difficult to trace. The burden of the exporter country is increased In Turkey: transfer of dual-use items into free zones in Turkey are subject to licensing according to the export legislation. A CHALLENGE IN EXPORT CONTROLS-FREE ZONES-2 The items transferred into the free zones cannot be transferred out of the free zone without the permission of the under secretariat of Foreign Trade (UFT). Import Certificate and End-user Certificate is required for the transfer. If and when necessary, UFT consults other relevant institutions before granting permission. The UFT has the authority to deny or postpone the transfer. RECENTLY CHANGED REGULATIONS In December 2011 several amendments were made in the regulations which include : Official import controls of plant origin food and feed , Measurements to monitor certain substances and their residue on live animals and animal products, Food Hygiene , Food premises registration and approval , Food and Feed official control ,Pre-notification and veterinary checks of animal and animal products entering to the country, Specific rules for animal products official inspections, Veterinary checks on products entering to the country, Veterinary checks on live animals entering to the country, Domestic animal and animal products movements, Animal Hospital regulation , Veterinary checks on animal and animal products entering to the country, Animal welfare regulations, Protection and combating measurements against cattle leucosis, Protection and combating measurements against cattle anthrax, Surveillance of zoonose and zoonotic agents, related antimicrobial resistance and food borne outbreak, Cri teria of livestock markets registration and inspections, Animal welfare during animal transportation, Animal by products that are not intended to use for human consumption, Sperm, Ovum and Embryo production centre establishment, Special hygiene regulation for animal products, Feed hygiene, placing on the market and use of feed, methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of feed, Turkish food codex, Maximum residue limits of pesticides, Flavorings and certain food ingredients with flavoring properties, Food additives, Microbiological criteria for foodstuff, labelling, Contamination, Materials and articles intended to come into contact with food, Import inspection regulating, In December 2012 amendments were made in the regulations which include : Bread and varieties of Bread, methods of sampling for chemical analysis for the monitoring of preserved milk, composition and labelling of foodstuffs suitable for people intolerant to gluten, sampling, testing method for dioxin and similar products, methods of sampling for chemical analysis of edible caseins and caseinates, indications or marks identifying the lot to which a foodstuff belongs TURKEY IMPORTS-EXPORTS EXPORT $133 billion (2011) $120.9 billion (2010) EXPORTS-COMMODITIES Apparel, Foodstuffs, Textiles, Metal Manufactures, Transport Equipment EXPORTS-PARTNERS Germany 10.1%, UK 6.4%, Italy 5.7%, France 5.3%, Iraq 5.3%, Russia 4.1% (2010) TURKEY EXPORTS BY PRODUCT in 2010 (In US DOLLORS ($)) Food and Live Animals 6,512,339,000 Beverages and Tobacco 736,445,000 Crude materials ,Inedible, Except fuels 1,334,833,000 Mineral Fuels ,Lubricants and Related Material 2,641,023,000 Animal and Vegetable Oils, Fats and Waxes 405,300,000 Chemicals and Related Products 2,801,266,000 Manufactured Goods classified chiefly by Material 20,408,933,000 Machinery and Transport Equipment 21,005,357,000 Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles 15,947,496,000 Commodities and Transact-ions not classified elsewhere in the SITC 1,106,838,000 ELECTRICITY EXPORTS (million kWh) IN 2012 -1550 OIL EXPORTS 68,450 bbl/day (2011) NATURAL GAS-EXPORTS 649 million cu m (2011) IMPORTS $212.2 billion (2011) $185 billion (2010) IMPORTS-COMMODITIES Machinery, Chemicals, Semi-Finished Goods, Fuels, Transport Equipment IMPORTS-PARTNERS Russia 11.6%, Germany 9.5%, China 9.3%, US 6.6%, Italy 5.5%, France 4.4%, Iran 4.1% (2010) TURKEY IMPORTS BY PRODUCT SECTION YEAR 2010 (In US DOLLORS ($)) Food and Live Animals -1,615,878,000 Beverages and Tobacco -298,876,000 Crude materials, inedible ,except fuels 7,660,516,000 Mineral Fuels, Lubricants and Related Materials 15,764,234,000 Animal and Vegetable Oils, Fats and Waxes 744,731,000 Chemicals and Related Products 16,166,494,000 Manufactured Goods classified chiefly by Material 19,989,660,000 Machinery and Transport Equipment 37,808,892,000 Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles 6,615,182,000 Commodities and Transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC 10,109,685,000 OIL IMPORTS 581,000 bbl/day (2011) NATURAL GAS-IMPORTS 38.04 billion cu m (2011) GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nations GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. GDP (PURCHASING POWER PARITY) $1.026 trillion (2011) $981.2 billion (2010) $906.9 billion (2009) Note: data are in 2011 US dollars Source: International Monetary Fund 2011 World Economic Outlook GDP REAL GROWTH RATE 4.6% (2011) 8.2% (2010) 4.7% (2009) Variable: Gross domestic product, constant prices Units: Percent change Country-specific Note: See notes for: Gross domestic product, constant prices (National currency). Source: International Monetary Fund 2011 World Economic Outlook Year Gross domestic product, constant prices 2008 0.659 2009 -4.826 2010 8.945 GDP PER CAPITA (PPP) $14,600 (2011) $13,800 (2010) $12,900 (2009) Note: data are in 2011 US dollars Year Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) per capita GDP Percent Change 2008 13107.54 1.68 2009 12460.79 -4.93 2010 13577.11 8.96 GDP COMPOSITION BY SECTOR Agriculture: 9.3% Industry: 28.1% Services: 62.6% (2011) AGRICULTURE SECTOR Agriculture has always been one of the most promising sectors for Turkey, both for the domestic economy and in terms of international trade. Around 40 percent of Turkeys land area is arable and offers a large range of products such as grains, pulses, oil seeds, fruits and vegetables, cut flowers, poultry, dairy products, seafood, honey and tobacco. Grain production, livestock and fisheries/forestry account for 67 percent, 26 percent and 7 percent of the total agricultural production, respectively. Turkeys agricultural imports in 2010 and 2011, excluding processed food, reached USD 6.49 billion (3.49 percent of the total imports) and USD 8.94 (3.7 percent of the total imports), respectively. Export were USD 5.09 billion (4 percent of total exports) in 2010 and USD 5.35 (3.9 percent of total exports) in 2011. The top Turkish exports are dried figs, dried apricots, sultana raisins, hazelnuts and hazelnut products. Turkeys top imports are cotton, soybeans, hides and skins, feed ingredients, live animals and paddy rice. FOOD PURCHASING BEHAVIOUR The Turkish food sector is becoming more advanced due to retailer demands for higher standards and investments by food manufactures. Through the widespread presence of modern international and domestic grocery retail outlets such as Metro, Carrefour, Tesco and Migros as well as rising incomes, the consumption patterns of Turkish consumers have shifted away from bulk and raw foods towards packaged and processed foods, including ready-to-eat meals and frozen foods. An increase in the number of females working full-time and higher levels of disposable income has supported this trend. This is particularly the case in urban centres. The major food consumption patterns have not changed as much in the rural areas and are still based on wheat and grain products and a variety of meat products. Consumers in the south east of Turkey mainly consume lamb, but in Central Anatolia and the West more consumers prefer beef. Milk consumption has not increased as quickly as milk production, which increa sed from 8 million MT in 2002 to 12.5 million MT in 2011, but the variety of milk products such as yogurt and cheese increased. There are still a lot of opportunities for investments in the dairy products sector but products should be adjusted to local tastes. Turkey should be considered a door to Middle Eastern market. Due to shared history and religion as well as common cultures, Turkish agriculture and food export to the Middle East increased dramatically in the past decade. The Halal and organic food subsectors are areas which could be ready for investments or partnerships in the region. Production in the food and beverage sector reached TRY 8,852 million in 2009, which constitutes 18-20 percent of the countrys production as a whole. The proportion of Turkish household expenditure allocated to food and beverages, which was around 23 percent and declined to about 21.9 percent in 2009, remains high compared with Western standards, which range between 15-20 percent. But Alcoholic beverages and tobacco expenditures increased from 4.1 percent to 4.5 percent in 2009-10. Total consumer spending on food, beverages and tobacco was estimated at around USD 145 billion in 2010. The Turkish economy grew 15.7 fold between 1980 and 2010 from TRY 70 billion to 1,105 billion whereas the food sector grew 14.8 fold from TRY 15 billion to 222 billion in the same period. Accordingly, the share of the food sector in Turkeys GDP dropped to 20.1% in 2010 from 21.4% in 1998. The Turkish diet contains a large share of baked goods. Hence, the bakery subsector forms the majority (65 percent) of the total number of food and beverage companies in Turkey. In 2011 Turkey consumed 11,486,000 MT of bread and only 33,600 MT of packaged bread. Turkish consumers tend to buy bread from small bakeries when it is hot and generally dont buy packaged sliced bread. Another important bakery product is the Simit (type of bagel) as well as salty cookie-like products. Modern bakery shops have begun to open, especially in Istanbul, but that is not widespread throughout Turkey. Moreover, due to the low quality of flour available in Turkey, pita style bread is popular in East and South East Anatolia. Therefore, the bakery sector in general offers a lot of opportunities for growth and development. FINDING BUSINESS PARTNERS IN TURKEY There are 467 foreign companies actively operating in the Turkish food sector. Cargill, Bunge, Nestle, Unilever, Coca-Cola, and Pepsi-Co are some of the most prominent ones. Restaurant franchises are one way of introducing new products. An increasing number of restaurant chains are opening in Turkey, especially in Istanbul. These include casual dining, fast food and cafes. While most of these companies source food ingredients produced in Turkey, some require specialized ingredients or imports of certain items that are not readily available. Exporters should check with importers to see if they are approved suppliers for franchises. Additionally, Turkeys hotel sector has traditionally represented an important niche market for certain high-value food products that cannot be readily found throughout Turkey. Turkey attracts 30 million tourists every year, especially in Istanbul and Antalya. There are 336 five star and 543 four star hotels in Turkey and most of them are located in Antalya and Istanbul. Global hotel chains including the Marriot, Hilton and Sheraton have a strong presence in Turkey. Turkey is a major tourism destination for Germans, Russians, British and Scandinavian travellers. Five star hotels would like to offer more high-quality products to their customers. Fresh fruits and vegetables are readily available in Turkey but high quality meat (especially steak) and fishery products (especially shrimp and crab) can be extremely difficult to source. Trader associations are also very important contacts for those seeking to enter the market. The Feed Millers Association, Turkish Food and Drink Industry Association Federation, and Poultry Meat Producers and Breeders Association are examples of important traders organizations. (See Annex A for more details). A visit to Turkey to gain a first-hand information about the Turkish market, preferably coinciding with a major trade show such as FOODÄ °ST (See Annex C for more details), is a good way to get started before entering the Turkish market and meeting prospective importers. Similarly, international food shows such as ANUGA, SIAL and Gulfood area attracting more and more Turkish importers, and may also be a way to meet prospective customers. TRADE POLICY The major barrier to selling agricultural products to Turkey is high tariff rates. The tariff for beef cuts is bound at 225%, for milk is 150%, for white cheese is 80%, and for wheat and corn is normally 130% (depending on demand, the government can temporarily lower tariffs).Turkey and the United States signed an import protocol allowing imports of live dairy breeding cattle and for fattening cattle. However, neither a protocol for slaughter cattle, nor for cut beef has been negotiated. Another major barrier is a new Bio safety Law which has been enforced in Turkey since September 26, 2010. The law banned importation of any GMO products until the genes contained within go through a lengthy approval process. On January 26, 2011, Turkeys Bio safety Board approved the three biotech traits for soybeans (A2704-12, MON89788,MON40-3-2) for feed use that were approved in the European Union at the time, allowing U.S. soybeans to enter Turkey for feed use only. Then on December 24, 2011, The Bio safety Board approved 13 corn (see annex D for more information) events for feed use. The remaining 9 events have been reviewed, but due to a negative recommendation by the committees, approval will be difficult. New import regulations were published in the Official Gazette dated December 30, 2011. Changes in these regulations reflected that fact that the Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock (previously known as the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) was reorganized in 2011 and divided oversight of plant and animal products. According to the new import regime, plant and plant products no longer require control certificate (Find more details in Annex F) however the importer must pre-notify imports of material according to the information provided below. Some animal and animal products now require control certificates. A list of products which require control certificates is given in Annex E Most Turkish agriculture-related regulations, laws, communiquà ©s, directives, and notifications are available on the website of the General Directorate of Food Control (GDFC) of the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (MINFAL): www.gkgm.gov.tr. Some of the regulations have an English translation available on the same website. The legal infrastructure of agriculture is mainly based on communiquà ©s rather than on laws. The reason for this is that the Turkish constitutional system does not allow laws to be adopted, amended or abolished easily. Therefore governments have traditionally preferred to publish communiquà ©s or regulations in order to maintain flexibility. As you will see from table below, currently the main policy goal of Turkish food and agriculture officials is to harmonize the related laws and regulations with the EU Acquis Communitarians. Sometimes it appears that this concern overwhelms other concerns such as national interest and farmer interests. IMPORT DUTIES High tariffs on the majority of food items continue to hinder the growth of food imports from the United States (see Annex G for tariff rates of important products). Import tariffs on consumer food products range from zero to 225 percent, but most products face tariffs in the range of 40-50 percent. Turkey has considerable flexibility in raising or lowering tariffs. Consequently, tariffs are subject to review and change, especially on December 30. Tariffs can vary and often depend on whether there is a need to import or not. Turkey normally applies the highest/bound rates for some products such as meat cuts at 225%. Some products, however, like cereals, have high tariff rates at 130% although still below the bound rate of 180%. Due to high meat prices last year, allowed imports of carcass meat (but not cuts) and lowered the customs tax from 225% to 30% at first, then slowly raised the tariff back to 75% when meat prices dropped slowly. Where there is strong demand but a lack of domestic supply, the applied tariff can be very low such 8% for soybeans, and DDGS at 4.3%. Turkish corn producers and soy millers are calling on the government to raise the bound rate on DDGS but, since it is bound, they use non-tariff barriers such as standards that are difficult to meet. Two important government agencies receive special tariff quotas when acting as importer get special tariff quotas. The Turkish Grain Board (TMO) (www.tmo.gov.tr) usually procures grain from the domestic market but when there is a need to import the government allocates a special zero tariff rate import quota for TMO. The other institute is The Meat and Fish Institute (www.ebk.gov.tr), which acts to control domestic meat prices and also receives reduced tariff meat import quotas from the government when there is a need. CUSTOMS INSPECTION AND DOCUMENTATION Upon entry of the product at Customs, the importer should be prepared to present the approved control certificate if required as well as other normal import documentation such as the bill of lading, original invoice and certificate of origin. In addition, the importer should be prepared to present Customs with the exporting companys analysis report for physical, chemical, microbiological and heavy metal content, and a certificate from the official food inspection agency of the country of origin stating that the product meets the quarantine requirements of the importing country. Turkish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Livestock (MINFAL) officials take samples of the imported product to government laboratories for physical, chemical and microbiological analysis and confirm it matches the information supplied from the exporting country. Import of the foodstuff is allowed if the results of the analysis are found to be acceptable and consistent with Turkish regulations, and the imports have been approved by MINFAL. Results of the analysis are normally received within a few working days. If the inspection results do not match with Turkish requirements, the importer may request secondary sample tests. In the case that the secondary test results are also against the Turkish import requirements then the shipment is rejected by MINFAL authorities or they allow special treatments under specific circumstances.