Health Belief Model Essay

Health belief model is a framework for nurses to utilize for education in health promotion. It investigates the individual’s willingness to adapt, the individual’s recognition in expressing the necessity in adjusting, and comprehending the advantages of physical and mental wellness changes. Nurses can play a vital role in influencing an individual in making instantaneous and perhaps lasting behavioral health modification. Smoking is one of the most crucial life threatening issues that society face. Smoking cessation to improve one’s health is as an example on how to encourage individuals in making behavior changes. Initially, it is essential for a nurse to assess an individual normal or average smoking pattern in a day. It also important to know how long they have been smoking, to assess their willingness to learn. Long-time smokers may disregard or may be more non-compliant with teaching because of thinking that damage has already been done. (Porter, 2013). Information will be provided on disease processes related to this lifestyle, such as heart disease and multiple lung diseases. A nurse has to explore an individual’s knowledge resulting to continued tobacco use. Understanding of patient’s behavior and own knowledge of the chosen lifestyle gives a nurse a clear education plan on what needs to be included with health promotion. If a patient is not aware of his or her risk factors for a disease, teaching should be directed towards informing the individual about the personal risk factor. If the individual is aware of the risk, but feel that the behavior change is overwhelming, you can focus your teaching in helping the individual overcome the barriers. Comprehension of overall behavior and circumstances that influence a patient’s decision-making is important. It helps in effective planning of suitable interventions for an individual to promote health and wellness and an effective plan of care. References Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, Carole, Elizabeth, Carol. Health Promotion throughout the Life Span. 7th Edition. Mosby, 2010. VitalBook file. Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books Porter, A. (2013). The Role of the Advanced Practice Nurse in Promoting Smoking Cessation in the Adult Population.MEDSURG Nursing, 22(4), 264-268.

Marketing 570 Proposal

Marketing Research Project Proposal I proposed to do my final course project on market research on service quality at Starbucks Coffee restaurants. Background on Company Beginning in 1971 with only one shop in Settle’s historic Pike Place Market for coffee and tea, Starbucks has managed to become one of the most successful companies in the world. It has become number one in the coffee industry. As of June 2012 Starbucks owns 19,763 coffee shops in 59 countries which includes 12,848 in the United States, 1,264 in Canada, 973 in Japan, 778 in Great Britain, 621 in China, 441 in South Korea, 350 in Mexico and 269 in the Philippines.Offering to its consumers’ different coffees with unique flavors, tea and beverages, including food snacks and coffee accessories Starbucks has attracted consumers and turned them into loyal customers. (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2012) Introduction Recently, the new trend that is developing is narrowed toward offering to the customer good service despite the good product. Having high service quality is accepted as one strong competitive advantage that is difficulty built but it brings high success for the company if managed properly.Service quality is following the perceptions of the customer of what he/she thinks that quality of service is about and meeting exactly their experience. So the question is what factors are there that are shaping service quality at Starbucks? Theoretical Background Service Quality Defining service quality may mainly be based on assumptions because of the intangible nature that services have. Moreover, there are many circumstances that might shape the definition of service quality differently. Brown, 1999) Despite the intangibility that describes the services, the second very important element when giving theory based on service quality is that services are heterogeneous. Presenting them varies from producer to producer or from client to client. Finally, the last characteristics describing the se rvices is the inseparability of the production and the consumption. Mainly, in most of the cases service quality arises in the duration of the process of interaction between the customer and the provider. (Berry, 1990)The latest definition for what service quality stands for according to Javadi (2011) is: â€Å"The extent to which the customer’s perceptions of service differs from his/her expectations. † Javadi (2011) has described 10 dimensions of service quality which regularly are used in constructing the customer’s opinions on services: 1. Tangibility- The appearance of the facilities where the service is provided. 2. Reliability- How consistent is the service? 3. Competence- Employees’ speed of delivering the service in the appropriate way. 4. Responsiveness- Personnel’s capabilities and skills for servicing the customer. . Courtesy- Employees’ good manners and politeness. 6. Credibility- Confidentiality and honesty of staff. 7. Securit y- 8. Access- Convenience of services. 9. Communication with the customer. 10. Understanding the customer- Perception of customers’ needs and wishes. Importance of Marketing Research for Service Quality Conducting marketing research in order to examine service quality in any business is very important, because the high service quality will bring customer satisfaction, and the customer satisfaction will create loyal customers which is a very important part for a company in order to make profits.According to Siddiqi (2010) customer satisfaction is the most important part of marketing, it connects the purchase of a product or service with the post purchase phenomena that reflects into a repeated purchase. Moreover, by managing to create repeated purchase, the loyal customer will operate as a positive word of mouth. Research Objectives 1. Examine the customer’s Starbucks experience. 2. What are the factors that are shaping service quality in Starbucks? 3. Are customers sat isfied by Starbucks’ offers? 4. Identify employees obstacles to improve service quality.Methodology The research of service quality for Starbucks will be structures in a survey questionnaire format. In order to make statistical research by using questionnaires, the formal standardized questionnaires type must be followed. Meeting the research objectives is the aim of a successful survey. For the purpose of examining the service quality in Starbucks store in the area of Northwest Indiana, 10 different closed ended questions will be used. By doing this the respondents are going to have the option of choosing from the given alternatives.By giving this kind of questionnaire the information that is going to be gathered is easier to analyze, bearing in mind that specific answers are needed for statistical research. The questions that are included are from various types such as: Dichotomous questions (influencing audience to reply with specific answers like Yes/No, True/False or Agr ee/Disagree responses). Example of questionnaire as follows: 1. Age Group & Occupation ( This will be the only open-ended question on the survey) 2. How often do you visit Starbucks? Here I would ask 1-2 times per week, 3-4 times per week and so on) 3. What products do you purchase? ( Multiple answers given to choose from) 4. Are you currently satisfied with the menu selections? 5. How satisfied are you with the cleanliness of the store? 6. How satisfied are you with the staff? 7. How convient is the locations of the Starbucks store? 8. How satisfied are you with the prices that Starbucks are currently offered? (Scale of 1-10) 9. Would you recommend Starbucks to friends and family? 10. Would you choose Starbucks over the competitors?Secondary Data Sources Much of my data will be taken from Government statistics such as population censuses, social surveys, family expenditure surveys and production statistics. I would also utilize commercial services which would show publish market re search reports and other publications that are available from a wide range of organizations that are similar to Starbucks but, this information may have a small charge for their information. Target Population My target population would consist of the working adults and college students.The reason for this target population is because these individuals are on the go every day. Many of them prefer to utilize fast food restaurants for breakfast, lunch and dinner. This population is also known as the individuals who would spend multiple dollars for cappichino, flavored coffees and pastries. This group is more technology savvy where they use cloud computing and they rather sit in coffee shops and etc. to complete work and school assignments throughout the day and establishments like Starbucks is a good source for these individuals.

Leadership traits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leadership traits - Essay Example This trait enables leaders to stand boldly with policies and vision set for a successful organization. Thirdly, determination is the aspect of being firm for a purpose. Determination makes a leader focus in enhancing the growth of organization through profound management skills. It enables leaders to have appropriate decision that brings worth to the organization. Fourthly, integrity is abiding to ethical or moral principles. A leader should base actions upon a solid framework of moral and ethical principles. Lastly, sociability is the aspect or act of being friendly. A leader should be friendly to his followers to create a friendly environment whereby people work towards a common goal. This list is not all-inclusive as leadership traits are associated with many endless traits. Other traits of effective leaders include emotional intelligence, which is being well-adjusted to deal with situations, should be tough mindedness by being logical and practical towards achieving goals, and compulsiveness by being protective of their reputation and integrity for an abundant foresight. The list is endless as there are many traits associated with

Coaching and Development Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Coaching and Development Plan - Essay Example It reaches into very personal and delicate matters. In many cases, the superior has to play he role both of coach and counselor. d. The new responses to be learnt should not be in conflict with old responses. If they do, the coaching should provide an opportunity for the olds responses to be unlearnt before the new responses are learnt Coaching and development is an organized procedure for increasing the knowledge and skill for people for a definite purpose. The purpose of coaching is to achieve a change in the behavioral of those being coached. aptitudes, skills and knowledge. It helps the newly recruited employees to be productive in minimum amount of time. Even for the experienced workers, it is necessary to refresh and enable them to keep up with new methods, techniques, new machines, and equipments for doing the work. 5. Evaluating the outcomes of coaching with a scientifically designed evaluation scheme. The evaluation programme should involve observation of trainee’s back on the job for some period of time after training and should also determine whether changes observed are attributable to coaching efforts. In any coaching process, after a certain level of proficiency, a span of time arrives in which no improvement takes place in the trainee. This period is later on followed by the increase in skill if the he situation is handled intelligently. The period during which very little or no improvement takes places is known as ‘plateau’. The plateau in the coaching and learning curve can be eliminated by improved method of coaching and instructions. This curve shows that when coaching is given to a trainee he first begins to lean a new style; he is likely to find himself unusually clumsy. During the early stage, the learners need the coaching’s encouragement. The duration of the first stage, will depend upon the complexity and newness of the skill being learnt. After this

Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Health - Essay Example In nutrition the method can be applied to develop nutrient recommendations, functions of nutrients and learn the role of nutrition in promotion of health and prevention of disease. Food additives are substances that become part of a food product when they are added during processing of the food product. There are direct and indirect food additives. Indirect food additives are found in foods after or during they are made. Indirect additives are not put in the food purposely and are present in the final products in small portions. Direct food additives can be man-made or natural. They are added during the processing of food. The direct additives are added to add nutrients to food products, aid process of foods, keep the final product fresh and make the food appealing. The functions of these additives include smoothness of food, preservation of nutrient value, maintenance of wholesomeness of foods, controls the acid-base balance of foods and above all to enhance the flavor of the food

Article review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Review - Article Example The acts proposed to control ware pollution such as the water Act (1974), The Environmental Protection Act EPA (1986) are acts geared to protect water bodies from affluent from the industries. The acts have limitations in that they do not arrange for policies to measure pollutants from households and agricultural production3 (pg. 289). The methods used to collect data included observation methods. Researchers were strategically placed and monitored the movements of individual around various sources of ground water. The researchers also employed the use of questionnaires and interviewing method. Water pollution encourages the infection of waterborne diseases. 90% of the Indian of underground users reports of having contacted waterborne diseases on a weekly basis. The municipal of India needs to strategies policies that will minimise the disposal of industrial and other wastes in the water systems4 (pg. 295). The articles will enable the researcher to carry out the research process successfully; as the researcher will have back ground information on the strategies set to reduce pollution in underground water sources5 (pg.

Analyzing Literature with The Method(E) Assignment

Analyzing Literature with The Method(E) - Assignment Example Play, playing, dolls appear severally a clear indication that the narrator enjoys playing, but she feels stupid/weird for having played with a toy; â€Å"I felt stupid for having played with a toy that day† (Katie N.p). Play and bleeding- â€Å"I’ve been bleeding monthly for more than 20 years now and I figure I’m allowed to play with anything I want† (Katie N.p). The author states this when we very well know that she is already an adult and should not engage in childish plays. Contrasts; Play and bleeding- the narrator states that she is allowed to play after bleeding monthly for over 20 years yet the bleeding signifies ‘menstruation periods’ growing up thus should not be playing with toys. Step 5: one of the most important aspects that I can take from step 4 is play and bleeding. The narrator states that she is allowed to play after bleeding monthly for over 20 years yet the bleeding signifies ‘menstruation periods’ growing up thus should not be playing with toys. This indicates the narrators love for play and dolls. Even as an adult, she still plays with dolls, ironically. Moreover, the narrator repeats the playing concept to emphasize and reiterate her love for

Comparison of Models Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparison of Models - Research Paper Example It is noteworthy that the major differences between psychological and multicausal models of addiction are based on their varied beliefs on the causes of addiction. Psychological model of addiction, which derives its understanding from a number psychological models key among them being psychoanalytic theory developed by Sigmund Freud, the behavioural and cognitive theories of psychotherapy. Psychological model asserts that addiction is motivated by psychological distress. In other words, this model of addiction is based on the belief that addiction is because of repression and unconscious mental processes (Raymond, 1998). Addiction in this sense is just a secondary problem as psychological problems takes precedence. This means that addiction is only a coping mechanism as at seeks to create an illusion of comfort away from internal conflicts in an individual’s life. For instance, Sigmund view all forms of addiction as a substitute for primitive sexual urges, which brings about an internal conflict and intensified guilt that is reengineered by an addiction cycle. Psychological model emphasizes on the intrinsic drives especially cognitive which motivate people to develop a cycle of drug use and dependence (Raymond, 1998). For instance, individuals are seen to develop a tendency of using drugs as form of self-medication to internal conflicts brought about by dysfunctional thought patterns. In other words, addiction personality is real and it is experienced constantly owing to the fact that it is used as a coping mechanism against stirred up emotions, traumatic experiences, sexual issues, fears, negative relationships, feeling of powerlessness. A number of things that individuals try to self medicate have been categorised into four groups and they include difficulty in self-care, the expression of emotions, troubled relationships and low

Leading and managing change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Leading and managing change - Essay Example here for which trade-offs are necessary they are inconsistencies in reputation or image, different configurations are essential for different positions, etc. A strategy which is framed by an organization enables a firm to achieve the best fit amongst all its activities. In this study a critical analysis will be performed on different theories which describe the major aspects of strategic planning. The entire study would even highlight the difference between operational effectiveness and strategic planning. On the other hand the study would even outline the importance of leadership to manage such strategic planning. These strategy formulations often lead to widespread changes throughout the system. In context of change management it is essential that appropriate leadership approach is adopted so that change can be communicated effectively throughout an organization. It is even important that there is a common goal set for the change so that all team members can efficiently accomplish the set goals or objectives. The company to be focused on is Toyota Motor Corporation. Over the years this multinational corporation has been able to set high quality standards and believes in constantly upgrading its business operations so that best service and products can be delivered to the customers. In this particular study strategic planning objectives and change management initiatives associated with Toyota Company would be thoroughly analyzed and will be related to theoretical frameworks. Strategy is a mechanism which brings forth stability in an organization and there are various factors which actually defines well the concept of strategy. A strategy which is adopted by an organization sets forth a new direction for the organization; it defines an organization, focuses on overall effort of an organization and even provides required consistency so that an organization can achieve its desired goals and objectives (Whittington, 2001). In the present scenario there is an

Syllable Formal Ion Essay Example for Free

Syllable Formal Ion Essay Thus a meaningful language unit phonetically may be considered from the point of view of syllable formation and syllable division. The syllable is a complicated phenomenon and like a phoneme it can be studied on four levels articulatory, acoustic, auditory and functional. The complexity of the phenomenon gave rise to many theories. We could start with the so-called expiratory (chest pulse or pressure) theory by R. H. Stetson. This theory is based on the assumption that expiration in speech is a pulsating process and each syllable should correspond to a single expiration. So the number of syllables in an utterance is determined by the number of expirations made in the production of the utterance. This theory was strongly criticized by Russian and foreign linguists. G. P. Torsuyev, for example, wrote that in a phrase a number of words and consequently a number of syllables can be pronounced with a single expiration. This fact makes the validity of the theory doubtful. Another theory of syllable put forward by O. Jespersen is generally called the sonority theory. According to O. Jespersen, each sound is characterized by a certain degree of sonority which is understood us acoustic property of a sound that determines its perceptibility. According to this sound property a ranking of speech sounds could be established: voiceless plosives ( voiced fricatives (voiced plosives ( voiced fricatives ( sonorants ( close vowels (open vowels . In the word plant for example we may use the following wave of sonority: [pla:nt]. According to V. A. Vasssilyev the most serious drawback of this theory is that it fails to explain the actual mechanism of syllable formation and syllable division. Besides, the concept of sonority is not very clearly defined. Further experimental work aimed to description of the syllable resulted in lot of other theories. However the question of articulatory mechanism of syllable in a still an open question in phonetics. We might suppose that this mechanism is similar in all languages and could be regarded as phonetic universal. In Russian linguistics there has been adopted the theory of syllable by LV Shcherba. It is called the theory of muscular tension. In most languages there is the syllabic phoneme in the centre of the syllable which is usually a vowel phoneme or, in some languages, a sonorant. The phonemes preceding or following the syllabic peak are called marginal. The tense of articulation increases within the range of prevocalic consonants and then decreases within the range of postvocalic consonants. Russian linguist and psychologist N. I. Zhinkin has suggested the so-called loudness theory which seems to combine both production and perception levels. The experiments carried out by N. I. Zhinkin showed that the arc of loudness of perception level is formed due to variations of the volume pharyngeal passage which is modified by contractions of its walls. The narrowing of the passage and the increase in muscular tension which results from it reinforce the actual loudness of a vowel thus forming the peak of the syllabic. So the syllable is the arc ?f loudness which correlates with the arc of articulatory effort on the speed production level since variations in loudness are due to the work of all speech mechanisms. It is perfectly obvious that no phonetician has succeeded so far in giving an adequate explanation of what the syllable is. The difficulties seem to arise from the various possibilities of approach to the unit. There exist two points of view: 1. S?me linguists consider the syllable to be a purely articulatory unit which lacks any functional value. This point of view is defended on the ground that the boundaries of syllables do not always coincide with those of morphemes. 2. However the majority of linguists treat the syllable as the smallest pronounceable unit which can reveal some linguistic function. Trying to define the syllable from articulatory point of view we may talk about universals. When we mean the functional aspect of the syllable it should be defined with the reference to the structure of one particular language. The definition of the syllable from the functional point of view tends to single out the following features of the syllable: a) a syllable is a chain of phonemes of varying length; b) a syllable is constructed on the basis f contrast of its constituents (which is usually of vowel consonant type); c) the nucleus of a syllable is a vowel, the presence of consonants is optional; there are no languages in which vowels are not used as syllable nuclei, however, there are languages in which this function is performed by consonants; d) the distribution of phonemes in the syllabic structure follows by the rules which are specific enough fo r a particular language. 2. The structure and functions of syllables in English Syllable formation in English is based on the phonological opposition vowel consonant.

Equine Assisted Activities Spina Bifida Health And Social Care Essay

Equine Assisted Activities Spina Bifida Health And Social Care Essay Spina Bifida is a neurological disorder whose main attribute is a failure of the spine to close properly before birth. As the fetus develops in the first month of pregnancy, the brain and spinal cord form from a small piece of tissue called the neural tube.   For one in approximately every one thousand babies, this neural tube does not close properly after the spinal cord has developed, resulting in a portion of the spinal cord being exposed at birth. It is not known what exactly causes this malformation, but it has been hypothesized that there may be a genetic link. Another explanation is that Spina Bifida may be caused by this genetic link in combination with a deficiency of folic acid in the mother during pregnancy. Folic acid is a B vitamin that is important for fetal development in the first three months of pregnancy, thus an insufficient amount could lead the spinal cord not forming properly. The brain and spinal cord are some of the first organs to develop in the fetus, and thus a lack of folic acid could interrupt their development (Watson 4-8). In the most severe cases of Spina Bifida, classified as forms of Spina Bifida Cystica, a sac is exposed on the childs back that contains fluid, nerves, protective nerve coverings, and sometimes a portion of the spinal cord (Resources for Working with Youth with Special Needs). This sac is surgically removed within the first few days after birth, while trying to save and replace in the body as many of the viable nerves as possible. The extent of the damage to the spinal cord depends on how far down the spine the opening occurs. This in turn determines the level of paralysis or disability of the individual. The spinal cord and nerves are not always exposed in a sac outside of the body, but can also be just slightly damaged in a form of the condition known as hidden Spina Bifida. Whether or not there is a sac present outside of the body, the deformity of the spinal cord can occur in varying degrees, resulting in three main types of Spina Bifida (National Institutes of Health; Watson, 6). The most common type of Spina Bifida, which results in the most severe disabilities, is called Myelomeningocele Spina Bifida. The characterizing exposed sac protrudes out of an opening in the babys back, and contains a portion of the spinal cord. Because many of the nerves contained in this sac are damaged, this form of Spina Bifida can cause severe disabilities including weakness, loss of feeling in or paralysis of the feet, legs and sometimes waist (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). Meningocele Spina Bifida is less severe than Myelomeningocele, but has similar effects on the individual. The neural sac is still exposed and exists outside of the body, however it does not contain any part of the spinal cord itself, and thus causes less nerve damage. Individuals with this form of Spina Bifida may have some loss of feeling, weakness or paralysis in the feet and lower legs (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). The mildest form is called Spina Bifida Occulta. It is often referred to as hidden Spina Bifida, because it is not apparent at birth and usually does not affect the individual at all. The spinal cord is not damaged in this form of the disease, but there is a small opening between vertebrae in the spine. Because it is so subtle, Spina Bifida Occulta is usually not diagnosed unless the individual has an X-ray or test done for another condition, and it generally is not severe enough to even require treatment (Watson, 6).   Many individuals with Spina Bifida also have a condition known as Hydrocephalus, or water on the brain, which is essentially a build-up of cerebro-spinal fluid around the brain. A widening of the spinal canal called hydromyelia, which creates a cavity where fluid can build up, can cause hydrocephalus. It is a common co-occurrence with Spina Bifida because the deformity of the spinal cord can prevent the fluid from draining as it normally would (Watson, 7). This condition is usually treated with a shunt placed in the individuals skull, which helps to properly drain the excess fluid. In many cases, the hydrocephalus itself is caused by another common co-occurring condition with Spina Bifida, called Chiari II Malformation. This is a malformation of the skull that results in the bottom portion of the skull being smaller than normal. When this happens, part of the cerebellum and brain stem are pushed downward into the neck, blocking the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and causing hydrocephalu s (National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke). Since the cerebellum is the portion of the brain that controls balance, this can affect the individuals vestibular sense. Many of the problems associated with the two more severe forms of Spina Bifida can be improved with equine assisted activities. Due to the fact that all forms of Spina Bifida affect the spinal cord and nerves of the individual, the most common problems associated with the disease relate to motor coordination as a result of lack of feeling, weakness or paralysis in the lower limbs. Sometimes, difficulties with bilateral integration can also occur depending on the specific individuals disability. Often, individuals with Spina Bifida have increased muscle tone and some spasticity in their legs. Usually they are able to walk with the use of equipment such as leg braces, body braces, crutches and walkers, but have abnormal gaits and have difficulty standing without movement (Bartonek, et. al). They can also have difficulty with trunk control and holding them selves in a sitting position if the nerve damage affected their ability to feel and control their hips and waist. Due to the lack of feeling in some parts of the body, some individuals with Spina Bifida may have problems with sensory integration to some extent. This would be present mainly in terms of the vestibular and proprioceptive senses. Some additional problems such as tendonitis and skin breakdown can co-occur with Spina Bifida, mainly due to the loss of feeling in the lower extremities. In some cases, mental along with physical function is affected and the individual may have some degree of mental retardation, but this is often not the case. Equine Assisted Activities Individuals with Spina Bifida could participate in and benefit from two main Equine Assisted Activities: Hippotherapy and Therapeutic Riding. Because Spina Bifida primarily causes physical problems, hippotherapy would probably be the best option, as it is a true therapy that would provide more medical benefits than a therapeutic riding lesson alone could provide. However, hippotherapy could be used in conjunction with therapeutic riding. Hippotherapy and Therapeutic riding would provide very different benefits, however, they both have the potential to improve an individuals physical motor skills along with their mental and social skills if those areas were affected. Hippotherapy would most likely be the best option for an individual with Spina Bifida, as the conditions primary manifestations affect the physical abilities of the individual, requiring more assistance from a physical therapist to improve motor function. Hippotherapy Hippotherapy would most likely be the main equine assisted activity for riders with Spina Bifida. It would provide the required physical therapy to improve muscle tone and motor function, more so than therapeutic riding alone. The activities and exercises in hippotherapy target neuromuscular function, movement disorders and sensory integration disorders, which are all areas that can be affected in a person with Spina Bifida. Overall, as with other equine assisted activities, the horse would provide perfect three-dimensional motion and warmth, allowing the rider to relax their muscles and let the horse move their legs and hips. This movement would be key, as many individuals with Spina Bifida focus on learning how to walk so they are not confined to a wheelchair. Though many will not be able to walk without crutches or braces, the movement of the horse can teach them both mentally and physically what the patterns of walking look and feel like so that someday they may be able to implem ent the motions off the horse. Since the purposes of hippotherapy revolve around goals related to physical and sensory abilities, the rider would be focused on improving in some of the following areas. Most importantly, the stretches and balancing exercises in hippotherapy could help improve muscle tone and movement, allowing the rider to work on further developing their balance, posture and mobility. Some examples of these exercises could include the rider standing in the stirrups, with assistance if needed, trying to maintain balance, or the rider laying on their back on the horse, using their leg muscles to hold themselves up on the horses neck.   Ultimately, all of the skills and improvements gained from hippotherapy sessions could lead to a final goal of improved gross motor skills such as walking, sitting and standing which are the simple daily tasks that most Spina Bifida patients struggle with throughout their lives. Therapeutic Riding Therapeutic Riding could benefit riders with Spina Bifida, but would most likely be in addition to hippotherapy. Therapeutic riding could provide the added benefit of social interaction and learning riding skills on top of the more intense physical therapy gained from hippotherapy. Therapeutic riding could provide a setting in which the rider could refine the stretches and activities learned in hippotherapy and apply them on a more simplistic level while riding in a therapeutic lesson. Whether in Hippotherapy or Therapeutic Riding, the same fundamental benefits of simply being on the horse would exist. The three-dimensional motion and patterns of the horses gait would encourage walking, and in this setting would be more relaxed than in an intense physical therapy-type lesson. Though hippotherapy would provide most of the necessary therapy components to a rider with Spina Bifida, therapeutic riding does have several aspects that are not present in hippotherapy that could greatly benefit the riders. They would be required to use their bodies a little bit differently in a riding lesson-that is, rather than the horse simply being a prop that moves underneath them while the lay down or stretch, they would have to integrate their movements with those of the horse. The riders would need to use their legs to signal the horse to walk on, and they would need to maintain balance and posture throughout the lesson, requiring them to use their leg, hip, and trunk muscles. In certain activities, such as trotting and two-pointing, they would be required to use their leg muscles even more to keep balanced and remain steady on the horse. This may be very challenging for some individuals, depending on their level of weakness or paralysis in the legs. On top of these benefits, therapeutic riding would provide a setting in which individuals could interact with other riders and their volunteers in a fun and relaxed setting. Hippotherapy, as it is a true therapy, would most likely be very challenging and tiring, and therapeutic riding could provide a setting in which riders could enjoy the company of other people and horses in a less intense session. Contraindications for Spina Bifida and Equine Assisted Activities Though a rider with Spina Bifida can benefit greatly from equine assisted activities, there are several contraindications that should be considered before beginning with either hippotherapy or therapeutic riding. Many of the common contraindications of riding horses are present in individuals with Spina Bifida. However, some can be present but mild enough so as not to limit the rider. Either way, it is important to consider all of the possible contraindications and risks before he rider begins either a hippotherapy or therapeutic riding session. One of the most important things to consider when looking into contraindication for a rider with Spina Bifida is the ability to maintain a sitting position on the horse. If a rider is unable to maintain this position without causing kyphosis or lordosis (inward curving or bowing of the spine), then the Spina Bifida itself could be considered a contraindication (Medline Plus). In most cases, it is only a precaution if a correctly fitted, deep-seated saddle (most likely a western saddle) is available. Another prevalent contraindications for riders with Spina Bifida is hydrocephalus, a common co-occurrence of Spina Bifida. Generally it is a contraindication due to the fact that it is treated with the placement of a shunt. If a properly fitting helmet cannot be placed on the rider without putting pressure on the shunt, it may only be a precaution (North Okanagan Therapeutic Riding Association). Another common contraindication associated with Spina Bifida is the possibility of developing a condition known as Tethered Cord Syndrome-when the base of the spinal cord is held down and unable to move freely in the spinal column. This condition normally occurs as a result of scar tissue forming from the original surgery to remove the myelomeningocele or meningocele. This scar tissue is what ties the spinal cord down. In some cases, the motion of the horse can increase the chances of this condition forming, or aggravate it if the condition has already begin to develop, making it an important contraindication to consider. Tethered cord syndrome can worsen the already existent problems associated with Spina Bifida. It can cause worsening of gait associated with increased pain and spasticity in the legs, and rapid development of scoliosis (Spina Bifida Association). Conclusions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Spina Bifida is a common neurological disorder that can cause lack of feeling, weakness and paralysis of the lower extremities. In some cases, other conditions such as hydrocephalus, Chiari II malformation, Tethered Cord Syndrome, tendonitis and mental retardation can co-occur with Spina Bifida, ultimately resulting in struggles with physical and sometimes mental function. The problems associated with Spina Bifida and its co-occurrences primarily affect motor function and the tactile, proprioceptive and vestibular senses. For this reason, equine assisted activities such as Hippotherapy and Therapeutic riding can have a very positive impact on riders with Spina Bifida. One or both of these activities can be implemented in the individuals routine to improve their motor function, specifically in terms of their abilities to use the muscles in their feet, legs, hips and trunk. Gross motor skills such as standing and walking are the main challen ges that individuals with Spina Bifida face, and the natural movements of the horse, along with therapy exercises and activities can be very effective in improving these skills in order for individuals to achieve more independence and in turn, better quality of life.

Winston Churchill: The Great Communicator :: Winston Churchill Essays

Winston Churchill was perhaps one of the greatest public speakers in history. Some of the best speeches have come from being in life or death situations, Winston was known best for this. His small sound clips like, â€Å"this was their finest hour†, and â€Å"this is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning†, encourage his troops and his people that they will win this war and will overcome the greatest odds. Although Churchill told many speeches, his speech on June 18, 1940 showed the most emotion and courage of any other speech he told. In this speech he explained that the war in France is over and the war in Britain would begin. He said that if we fail then the world sink into an abyss. This emotion that he shows would give Britain hope, courage and most of all determination. Winston Churchill spoke these words at the House Commons; his way of talking to people was a power which he held. Winston Churchill was born November, 30 1874, in Blenheim Palace. He was born into a wealthy family who treated Winston to a rich lifestyle. In 1893 Churchill entered the Royal Military College as a cadet, from here on he rose to the top ranks commanded with great authority. He began to have political speeches at the age of 23 when he talked to the primrose League. When he was 24 he wrote his first book entitled The Story of the Malakand Field Force. Churchill was elected to the House of Commons at the age of 26, being one of the youngest members. Winston was appointed Prime Minister of England on May 10th 1940. Winston’s 2 books that were published shows people that he is a respectable author who people can believe what he says during his speeches. In this speech Winston was talking to the members of the House of Commons, but this speech was m ore than trying to persuade elected officials, it was intended to speak to all people fighting against the Nazi Party. The purpose of this speech was to show the members of Commons that we must fight in this war and we must win, for if England shall lose the rest of the world would lose.

Disguise In Shakespearean Come Essay -- essays research papers

William Shakespeare was a jack of all trades. He could do it all – histories, tragedies, comedies, romances. While some people may say that Shakespeare’s tragedies are the most popular, his comedies are as popular as the tragedies, if not more. However, comedies of Shakespeare’s time are not what people of the twentieth century perceive to be â€Å"comedy.† Some of the elements of Shakespearean comedy are similar to today’s comedy, such as physical comedy. People of Shakespeare’s time found the fall Kate took from her horse in Taming of the Shrew, and surely people of our time would find that amusing as well. A large part of Shakespeare’s comedy was disguises. The use of disguise was a key part of Shakespearean comedy; his plays Much Ado About Nothing, The Merchant of Venice, and Twelfth Night all use the element of disguise as part of their plot, some more than others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Much Ado About Nothing, one of Shakespeare’s â€Å"festive† comedies, centers around two couples. One, Claudio and Hero, fall in love at first sight. The other, Benedick and Beatrice, have a verbal war almost every time they meet. Disguise is not an integral part of this play, but they are used during the masque that takes place. During the masque, Beatrice talks with a masked Benedick; she also talks degradingly about him. A question that always comes up in discussion of this play is whether or not Beatrice knows that she is actually speaking to Benedick, and that is why she calls him â€Å"t...

Argumentative Essay Oppose Death Penalty

Argumentative essay Death penalty The issue of whether death penalty should be abolished or not has been widely debated for years and there are a lot of different views. It is an important issue since it concerns one of the most fundamental human rights, which is the right to live. Death is wrong when a single person commits the murder, but when the decision if a person should be killed or not is made by the society as a unit, the act is apparently justified. This essay deals with the contradiction in the arguments being given as a support to the death penalty.It will also put forward reason for why this cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment should be abolished. The death penalty is practiced in many parts of the world today. Amnesty International, the leading human rights non-governmental organisation, have been working to abolish the death penalty for over the past 20 years. But 58 countries maintain the death penalty in both law and practice, and thousands of people is executed annually in cold-blooded ways like stoning, death by deadly injection, hanging and the electric chair.These actions are being approved without any legitimate basis. First of all, the death penalty is a violation of two fundamental human rights, as laid down in Articles 3 and 5 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights: â€Å"The right to life† and â€Å"The right not to be tortured or subject to any cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment†. Fact is, the most successful form of torture is reportedly the threat of execution. From the moment you are put in death row and the minute up to the execution is one of the most agonizing form of psychological exploitation.No man or woman should endure this kind of torment, no matter what crime they have committed. Human rights are for everyone, always, and can never be forfeited. No exceptions. Furthermore, there is a risk that it can be inflicted on the innocent, and an execution is final and a life cannot be taken back. Secondly, an execution cannot work as any form of satisfaction for the victim’s family since an execution will not restore anyone’s life and the crime that first was committed by the perpetrator cannot be undone.As a matter a fact, many whose relatives or friends have been murdered, have distanced themselves from the death penalty. In addition, an execution causes a lot of grief and pain for the family of the executed, while imprisonment is giving them the opportunity to stay in contact with the confined. Thirdly, the death penalty is not a contribution to a safer society. Numerous of studies have shown that there is no scientific evidence saying that executions have a greater effect than lifetime prison when it comes to a decrease of serious violent crimes.Some research actually shows that the number of serious violent crimes is increasing directly after an execution. Furthermore, those who commit for an example premeditated murder do not think they will get busted, so it is mo re likely that the deterrent effect would be greater if the probability of getting arrested was higher. Obviously, the death penalty prevents the criminal from committing more crimes. But on the other hand, you can never be sure that the criminal would have repeated the crime if he or she is not allowed to live.Some studies actually show that murderers, as a group, are the least likely to relapse into crime after being released. In conclusion, the death penalty should be abolished. It is one of the cruellest treatments, which no man or women deserves to experience, whatever crime has been committed. Moreover, the executed could have been innocent, and an execution is final and cannot be taken back. In addition, death penalty is not a contribution to a safer society. For the reasons given, noting good can come from an execution and therefore should the death penalty with no doubt be abolished.

Addressing Psychopathology Issues through Popular Film

There is a great deal of ways to teach school subjects. The restrictive curriculum of the past era focused on using clinical cases and accounts written in books. This method has been effective for that period alone because the students were reared following that kind of convention—they were acquainted with books and with reading in general.Therefore, the teaching method will be effective because the students are used to it. But now, there are newer, better methods that can be incorporated into teaching to make it more effective.With the introduction of technological advancements such as the television, computer and the internet, the society was gradually caught up in a paradigm shift and was transformed into visual learners. The visual-learners of today have to be taught in a way that they would appreciate because going against how they were reared by society will only lead to pointless interaction with them. And what better way than to use the advent of technology—film viewing of related movies with supplementary discussions right after the film was viewed (for clarification of issues).Although it is a very helpful medium to make students of psychology and psychiatry (or even people not associated with these particular subject areas) learn and appreciate certain concepts, the movie as a medium of teaching also poses detriments for the viewers. As we all know, the movie is still based on the concept of the director as a creative person. Therefore, even if it is a biographical account, still the director can and will introduce his interpretations to a certain extent. That is why instructors of different courses must be wary in leaving the students to interpret the movie themselves.Detailed discussion of what the students learned in the film must follow right after the film showing. For the purpose of discussing the contents and messages of the movie entitled A Beautiful Mind, this paper will be divided into several sections—each one focusing on particular topics such as the DSM-IV diagnosis of John Nash, the positive and negative messages about schizophrenia which was communicated in the film, and a criticism on the good points and short comings of the film in general. The DSM-IV Diagnosis of John NashThis section will further make people understand how a neurosis-afflicted person is diagnosed. The DSM-IV, or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition), is a concise report on the psychological health of a person. Using the five axes, a person can now have a summary of his psychological make-up which will be the basis for treatments and medical interventions that should be administered to the patient. One reason why this type of summary report is done is to make an easy reference for each patient with a psychosocial disturbance.Neurosis is a complex state and there are many factors that may cause it so having a summarized report of the findings will make it easier for psychiatrists to refer to the patient’s history. If we are to make a DSM-IV diagnosis for Dr. John Nash Jr. , his diagnosis will be similar to the information that is written below: Axis I 295. 30 Schizophrenia, Paranoid Type Axis II 301. 0 Paranoid Personality Disorder Axis III Occupation-related paranoia (after lending his services of code breaking) Axis IV Occupational Difficulties (inability to get along with the people around him) V71.01 Adult Antisocial Behavior Axis V 61 The first axis discusses what kind of mental disturbance the patient experiences while the second axis is about the personality disorder that comes into effect because of or along with the disorder in the first axis. The third axis tells how the abnormalities in the first and second axis came about, with the information pertaining to personal experiences or events that might have triggered the psychiatric disorder. Axis IV is about the behavior of the mentally-challenged person and the last axis rates how the mild or severe th e patient is at present time.Embedded Messages As for the positive and negative messages portrayed by the film, the film was quite truthful in the way it represented the stigma attached to schizophrenic patients. It can be argued, however, that the film medium might have exaggerated a couple of encounters in John’s life—to achieve the desired cinematic effect—most accounts are genuine. The unsupportive nature around the character (aside from his wife Alicia) was testament to the limited information that people know about mental disorders and how to give complementary treatment to those who are undergoing psychiatric treatment.John Nash had to go through being shamed in front of people because of his hallucinations. It is a normal phenomenon that schizophrenics undergo during the course of their mental disorder. Also, a lot of critics consider the film as something that goes all out motivational for the family of the schizophrenics and the schizophrenics themselv es. It may be a good thing to encourage the family members of neurosis-afflicted people (and the patients themselves). But giving false hopes is another thing.It should be remembered that schizophrenia has two different types with Type I schizophrenia (positive symptoms or behavioral excesses) being â€Å"characterized by †¦ hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and confused thinking† (Rita L. Atkinson, 1999). Type II, on the other hand, is composed of the negative symptoms (behavioral deficits) â€Å"such as poverty of speech, emotional unresponsiveness, seclusiveness, and impaired attention† (Rita L. Atkinson, 1999). In John’s case, it is most likely a combination of the two types of neurosis since he is experiencing hallucinations and emotional unresponsiveness with bouts of paranoia.There is every reason to believe that his case is an extraordinary case of schizophrenia because he was still able to develop his economic theorem based on the concep t of equilibrium even with schizophrenia. Nash is most likely afflicted by the first type of neurosis because he is otherwise functioning normally, earlier in his life, when William Parcher (the perceived Department of Defense agent who asked for Nash’ help in breaking Soviet codes). Even his relationship with Charles (his imaginary roommate) was quite harmless.It was only when Parcher came and gave him bouts of paranoia did his psychosis become worse. The Good and the Bad of Psychopathology (As Depicted in the Film) Most movies made by directors not familiar with specialty knowledge such as psychopathology consult experts in the particular field. Somehow, Ron Howard was accurate in describing treatments used for psychosis such as the insulin shock therapy earlier administered to John. Considering that there were very few treatments and an equally few number of substantial clinical studies were made during that time, the treatments used in the film were quite crude.Inducing c oma through injecting an overdose of insulin is already an obsolete technique—but in the point of view of the people during that time, this treatment is an effective breakthrough. There was one of scene there that depicted accurately what effects psychiatric drugs can implicate on the patient: while John was baffled with a mathematical problem, he told Sol that â€Å"it's difficult with medication because it's hard to see the solution† (Howard, 2001). Obviously, John knows that his senses and his mental ability is being hindered by the drug.At that time, there was a prevailing belief that psychosis can only be cured by taking the prescribed medication and in-hospital treatments. However, the psychiatrists are undermining the negative effects of taking such treatments. The set-backs are often shoved under the rug while the benefits (and the possibility of being cured) are being emphasized over again. John and Alicia felt that the medications are already affecting their lives. One of the side-effects of the medication is John’s erectile dysfunction. There was one scene where john and Alicia are already in bed.Alicia tries to kiss him while caressing his body but John turns away with an obvious apprehension about his inability to satisfy his wife sexually. Aside from this, the treatments that were given to John resulted to psychomotor difficulties like uneven walking posture and trembling of hands. Identifying the Scene The camera men and scriptwriters were able to deliver a wonderful movie because of how the scenes were shot for a purpose. The deception was fulfilled right from the beginning and was later unfolded in the middle part of the story.The first day John arrived at Princeton, he went to his room to fix his things. And while he was doing that, a stranger suddenly barged into his room and introduced himself as Charles, his new roommate. Apparently, the audience was deceived that Charles was indeed a real person in the story. It even casted doubt upon Dr. Rosen’s evaluation that John was schizophrenic (since John was talking about his best friend Charles all the time). Once scene which established the fact that John was having psychiatric problems was when Dr.Rosen was talking to Alicia and he said to her that he phoned Princeton and that records showed John was living all alone in his room. Another scene that made John realize that he is simply hallucinating and that he does need some medical attention is the scene where he accidently hit Alicia (while supposedly arguing with Parcher). When he saw Alicia fleeing the house, there were flashbacks of Marcee’s face when he first saw her. John repeatedly had images of Marcee and Charles running on his head which led him to conclude that there was something wrong with the things he is seeing.Later on, it became obvious that Charles, together with his niece Marcee, were indeed hallucinations for they never got older as years pass by. Also, in the scene d escribed above, the director wants to point out that John is able to think rationally even without taking the prescribed medications. Looking at it in another perspective, there might be an embedded message that the medications might even be the one that was hindering John’s recovery from his neurosis. It was supposed to have a negative effect, as said by Dr.Rosen, on John but after he stopped taking the psychiatric drugs (shown in the scene where Alicia gave him two pink pills and a glass of water), he was able to think better and act more normally than when he was taking the meds. Conclusion While it may not be 100% accurate in depicting what really happens with schizophrenic patients. Such is the case when Alicia was portrayed in the film as a selfless and outstanding wife and mother. But in fact, Alicia divorced him in real life (Rosenstock, 2003). Nevertheless, there is an inherent need to make the film marketable to the masses so it has to end up in a rather positive no te.Films such as this can be used to discuss the issues involving psychiatric disorders. As the author has stated above, it is important that the professors today be able to understand how their students want to learn. In order to maximize the effort in teaching, the professor must introduce the concepts in a medium that will be best appreciated by the students—and viewing films are in fact a very concise way (less than two hours) to discuss the disorder and its implication to the patient and his immediate social circles.Nevertheless, while watching films are convenient, the learning process must not end after the film credits were shown. The professor must take a proactive stance in discussing after the film was viewed in order to correct any misconceptions that might have been depicted in a film that was viewed. The instructors of the course or subject must not fully rely on what the director showed in the movie. After all, films are still partly the product of creative min ds. BibliographyHoward, R. (Director). (2001). A Beautiful Mind [Motion Picture]. Rita L. Atkinson, e. a. (1999). Hilgard's Introduction to Psychology. Pennsylvania: Harcourt College Publishers. Rosenstock, J. (2003). Beyond A Beautiful Mind: Film Choices for Teaching Schizophrenia. Academic Psychiatry , 117-122. Willingham, T. (2008, January 11). Using Film in Education. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Suite101. com: http://curriculalessons. suite101. com/article. cfm/movie_schooling

Sc300: Big Ideas in Science: from Methods to Mutation

Jennifer Rivera SC300: Big Ideas in Science: From Methods to Mutation Professor: Shalon Bull August 14, 2012 1. List all of the components of two of your meals. Meal #1 – Breakfast For breakfast I had a Tuna fish sandwich, with lettuce, two slices of tomato, sauteed onions, and Hellmann's mayonnaise. I also had approximately 10 ounces of Minute Maid Tropical fruit Juice. Meal #2 – Lunch My Lunch consisted of a grilled Tyson chicken breast fillets, with steamed mix vegetables, and 8 ounces of bottle purified Dasani water. 1A. Where did each component of your meal originate?List the country that each part of your meal came from. Meal #1 – Breakfast The origin of the Tuna fish sandwich is as follows; The bread for the sandwich was two slices of Holsum whole wheat bread which is made in Puerto Rico, one 5 ounce chicken of the sea tuna can which is made in San Diego California, The lettuce and tomato was locally grown on the US Virgin Islands St. Croix by local farmer s, the Hellmann’s Mayonnaise was made in New York and the Minute Maid Tropical fruit Juice is produced by the Coca Cola Bottling Co. f Atlanta, GA. Meal #2 – Lunch The Tyson Chicken Breast Fillets are from Springdale, Arkansas and the mix vegetables are locally grown on the US Virgin Islands St. Croix by local farmers. The Dasani water is produced by the Coca Cola Bottling Co. of Atlanta, GA. 1B. List where you purchased the products from. Being the St. Croix US Virgin Islands is only 84 square miles and has a population of about 60,000 people we only have two main grocery stores which are the same just two different locations, Plaza Extra East and Plaza Extra West.I do all my shopping for grocery in Plaza Extra East for the last 20 plus years. So Meal #1 – Breakfast, and Meal #2 – Lunch were all purchased from Plaza Extra East on St. Croix USVI. 1C. Consider the chain of events that took the product to get from the farm/laboratory to your table Being tha t St. Croix is located in the Caribbean, most of our foods supply come from the State of Florida and is ship by containers on ships. The fresh produce and bread are shipped from the island of Puerto Rico where they are made.The only thing that is grown on the Virgin Islands is fresh vegetables and some fruits. 2. What are some of the benefits of a global market and why? List at least 2 benefits, weighing any short-term and long-term impacts. Some of the benefits of global marketing would be that consumers would have a larger range of products to choose from. Another would be the opportunities to small companies which can expand to serve a global market instead of a small country. This would give consumers the opportunity to buy better products at lower cost.Another benefit would be that opening offices in other countries would provide jobs for locals in that country and for the country that is opening the office this means that they will be getting cheaper labor than that which they would pay in their home country for the same job. 3. What are some of the impacts of this global market and why? Considering both short-term and long-term impacts, provide at least 2 negative impacts. Some of the negative impacts that the global market can experience can be caused by poor management of these international markets and others can occur naturally like for example bad weather.Weather and natural disasters can affect the global market in many ways, for example a country like China which exports Rice, can experience bad weather for a year which would affect the production of rice, this would not only affect China economically but cause the global price of rice to rise and the availability of the produce to diminish. So can we as a Country trust the global market as our primary source of food? I would suggest developing the nation’s agriculture programs and the production of foods in our nation the United States of American, and all other countries should do the sa me.This would be like an emergency reserve in other words. Another negative impact would be regulating the rates of taxation from one country to another. For instance if the rates of taxes are higher in Mexico for an American company then the United States might then move that office to Brazil for example. This would affect the investments market for others which would affect the global market tremendously. 4. Consider the phrase Think Globally, Act Locally. What does it mean to you?This phrase in my opinion means that you are thinking beyond the horizon and understand the issues and needs of the entire world, but need to master and fix the issues of your own country before you can get involved with the rest of the world. I think that if we improve and expand our food production capabilities then we can move on to the global market and work together for the same cause which is to bring food to those places that lack it and so much desires it. 5. Has your research on the global marke t changed the way you will choose goods in the future?Why or why not? After my research on the global market I would say that I will not be changing the way I choose my goods in the future. I would still choose the things that I like and would not change these things just because a nation or country might be benefiting from my purchase more than another. The one thing that I now understand after my research is the reason why certain name brands of products are more expensive than others. The prices of products in the global market fluctuate based on the economical state of the producing country and the markets demands.I learned that the more money a country has the more food and better quality they get, this is why poor countries lack food, and even more have a smaller variety in the food choices. References J. C. Chavis. (April 2010) Negative Impacts of a Global Market for Investment. Retrieved from http://www. brighthub. com/money/investing/articles/69512. aspx â€Å"Economic Glo balization† UC Atlas of Global Inequality. Retrieved from http://ucatlas. ucsc. edu/economic. php Global Marketing. Retrieved from http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/global-marketing. html

Losing Your Identity Essay

People from around the world immigrate to the United States in hopes of finding the Promised Land. Some may define the promise land, as a land of freedom, a land of abundance, a land of peace, or a land of education. Most define it as a land of opportunity for a better life. America is a land full of culture and diversity, although it is notoriously difficult to characterize â€Å"American† culture. Is it possible to move to a land such as America, full of culture and diversity, and yet preserve your own traditions and cultural identity? Some believe this to be very difficult to do, due to materialism, beliefs and language barriers. The counter argument would be that Americans are open to new cultural experiences, are welcome to newcomers, and are willing to help give support. I believe that it would be difficult to move to America, try to find your place in materialistic culture while preserving your own culture and beliefs while learning a new language. There is a culture in this country whether spoken or unspoken. It is clearly visible in everything we say, do, or think. In the United States, we expect to compete in every aspect of our lives, a daily reminder of our status, the ladder of our success. Americans are materialistic. We want to own the newest iPhone, to wear the newest fashion, to drive the newest and most expensive cars, and to have a big house with a pool. We celebrate holidays and forget the true meaning of the day we are celebrating. Our traditions can easily include consuming goods that are unneeded or even unwanted. A few years ago my friend fell into great debt during the Christmas season because she and her family made too many purchases that exceed their income, only because they wanted to please others. I can see how this kind of behavior would be confusing or shocking to someone with traditions that have little to do with material items or status. In addition to many of our traditions being different, some of our religious beliefs may be confusing to a foreigner. They may want to hold on to their beliefs and find it difficult to do so, due to peer pressure. They may even find it hard to practice their beliefs because of racism. When my children were in grammar school, they were allowed to say the pledge of allegiance in their classroom. One of the students was able to leave the classroom every time they did this because her beliefs were different. As a child, she found it difficult to understand, being the only one in the classroom with those beliefs. Some of the children were open to her leaving and others would make comments. She was moved to a land where she was free to practice her religion, but at the same time shamed from her peers. As a result, she stayed at home on many of the school days that holidays were celebrated in the classroom. Besides adapting to the local weather, the food, work place and new technology, one must also learn a new language. If an immigrant has trouble speaking the language it could be difficult to communicate their wants and needs in life and on the job. If they order the wrong meal it could be dangerous if they are allergic to certain foods. If they do not understand the news or cannot read the newspaper, they may find it hard to seek out individuals who have the same beliefs or traditions. For example, this weekend in San Francisco, there is a grand parade for Chinese New Year. If an immigrant from China had moved to Modesto this weekend and could not speak or read English, they may not have know of this event or be able to find their way to the event. Learning a new language is difficult and can be overwhelming. It may take some time to learn the language before being able to communicate properly. In conclusion, many immigrants do succeed in America. Although, I think it is difficult to stay true to their traditions and beliefs while learning a new language and trying to keep up with the high demands of a materialistic society. Children may feel the pressures of their peers to fit in and be more main stream. Depending on their annual income, immigrants may find it hard to buy the things that they want or feel the need to buy, such as cars, houses, and clothing. It may also be difficult to find peers with similar beliefs and traditions if there is a language barrier. I am the sixth generation born and raised in California, so I find it hard to relate. But, I will remain to be an American who is open to new cultural experiences and will always welcome newcomers and offer support when I can.

Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Essay

Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits According to the American Psychological Association, â€Å"Obesity is a condition marked by excess accumulation of body fat. Genetic factors play a key role in obesity, but so do behavioral factors — especially eating too much and exercising too little. † Behavioral and social/cognitive theories approach the habit from two different perspectives and both theories can explain reasoning behind the habit. However creating a plan that will apply operant conditioning can change a habit. A child can be in a normal weight range up until a specific age, once that child turned ten they began to gain weight. As a child, the environment around them tends to be a major influence on behavior; however when looking at examples such as close relatives their eating habits appeared to be similar over the generations as well as their size. The eating habits the child has formed, which contributed to their weight gain, could be because of the influence specific people have in their life such as family members or a habit formed due to their environment. Growing up and being told not to move until your plate is empty or that you can’t have dessert until all your vegetables are gone, were common statements that a child may hear and actions that they watched their families make. Other factors such as growing up in a single parent household with a parent that didn’t have time to cook and constantly fed their children the dollar menu could impact that child’s later habits in life. Now when that child is an adult they continue the same eating habits constantly finishing everything on their plate or frequently eating out to save time and is facing obesity as the result. In order to change this habit and individual may consider using operant conditioning. Operant conditioning uses a reward/punishment system to reinforce behaviors and is more closely used during social cognitive therapy. There may be various factors or theories which contribute to an individual’s eating habit but in this case social cognitive theory may apply more appropriately. Developing a plan to change an eating habit may be creating a new lifestyle. By using tools such as portion control, exercise, and using a food tracking. First step is to eat proper portions of the right food, next track the food to be aware of how much food an individual is eating, lastly exercise. Rewards for following this plan will be decrease in weight, which means new clothes for every ten pounds lost, also the ability to eat additional food items throughout the day if exercising. Punishments if not following the plan will be additional work out time, no snacks and no new clothes if not losing the weight. If an individual can stick to the plan then ultimately an individual will eliminate the habit of over eating and live a healthier lifestyle.

Why did the Greeks build temples Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why did the Greeks build temples - Essay Example Classical temples can be grouped in two categories and these are Ionic and Doric. These styles are known as orders that can be identified in types of column used in temples. Ancient Greek temples were not built for worship or for receiving spiritual comfort. These were basically built for god or goddess who protected the community. Gods controlled the natural calamities and other hazards as well. Gods were capricious at some times and they could harm the community. That is why it was important for everyone to take care of god’s comfort to avoid problems. Their houses were specimen of good construction especially those built during the Dark Age. Gods were keenly looked after. Gods received share in food, harvest, business, trading and military activity. Peripteral, Doric and Ionic orders were the masterpiece constructions in ancient Greek. All the orders differ in type of construction, style and usage of material1. Cult images were mostly used in all the temples to represent go d. These images still speak of the mastery of designers. Statue representation at centre of the temple was either sitting of standing. Initially statues were made of wood but with the passage of time cut stones and different materials were used. Zeus statue was liked worldwide and for some time it remained the part of Seven Wonders of the World2. Another purpose of Greek temples was to house statues of deities. Varieties of statues were placed in a single temple for worshipping and offerings. Specific offerings were a feature of Greek temples in Greece. Offerings might include flowers, jewellery, precious belongings of a person. All the offerings presented by citizens were permanently preserved in the temple. Great construction work reflects the attachment of ancient Greeks with their gods. Temples also served as linkage between sacred and secular in ancient Greece. Altar was the place specified for sacrifices and offerings in a temple. Olympia and Delphi were the places where treas ury was a small building introduced for offerings to god and goddess. The other important parts of the temples which were not part of the religious practice places includes council house, law court, fountain house, separate place for women to fill their vases with water from community fountain. The temples were also linked with open assembly area or market place in the rear3. Normally the part of temple opened for the public was either a cave or line of trees for worship. The sacred enclosure of the temple building was commonly known as Temenos. This place reflected the rural origin of cults. Public was not allowed to move around in the complete temple. Only priests had the privilege of divine presence for showing and performing as representatives of the whole community. Common public was normally not allowed to perform in religious festivals and gatherings. Although they were encouraged to contribute financially as temple was the house of gods. People usually offered lavish sacrifi ces to gods in the shape of livestock and personal belongings4. Different occasions of athletics and dramatic production was a regular feature in ancient Greek. Gods and goddess were presented with rare objects, garments, jewellery and cutlery by the community. Community normally loved to gift statues of young men and women as symbol of deep reverence towards gods. Kore was found in sixth century BC in Athens. Offering of joint prayers with the community normally took place in temple at the end of any gathering or festival5. There is no doubt that temple is the most important building of the Greeks. Statues in temple were placed facing east so that rising sun is first seen from

Midterm report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Midterm report - Essay Example The most important in the book is the topics it addresses; it is anthology of life in the USA because it traces local understanding of basic human values and needs people face in their lives. Each story in the book is an independent essay with developed story line and its characters. Out of all the stories, Im Jumping  Off  the Bridge by Kevin Sampsell is very special. Narrated in the first person, it tells a story of a man who convinces other man not to commit suicide. The savior, however, is trapped by suicidal thoughts and he has to survive a night fighting with his inner controversies to make the decision to live or not to live.   The other story, Confessions of an Ex-Mormon by Walter Kirn addresses the issue of religion and belief. It follows the narrator on his way from and back to Mormonism, showing how difficult it can be to find belief inside one’s heart. In His Last Game, Brian Doyle manages to render invisible connection between two brothers who are already grown up, but they keep their inner children alive thanks to each other.   Other stories, also written in the first person, deal with economics, politics, relationships, inner struggles, desi re to live, state of mind and many other vital things people can find interesting in literature. This collection of essays reflects current values of people in America. If one wants to have a glimpse in American culture and identity, these stories in their concentration comprehensively represent this hidden knowledge. They are not too philosophical or sophisticated; most of them are written in terms of ordinary daily life with the same ordinary problems. These stories do not offer solutions to global issues of greater gaps between the rich and poor or cure for lethal diseases. They offer a fresh look, a new point of view and ideas to think about in the future. They teach people to appreciate what they have here and now and love their closest people. They show that

Bioethical Research on Stem Cells Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bioethical Research on Stem Cells - Essay Example Bioethics is a study that deals with all the ethical questions raised due to biological and medical researches and advancements and attempts to answer those questions and satisfy the masses. It also deals with the effect of these biological and medical advancements on the correlation of these fields with other social aspects of life like religion, politics and other social sciences. It talks about the responsibility of the government, the religious leaders, the sociologists and other social figures in regulating and taking notice of any controversial and/or disputed biological or medical issue prevailing in the society. It strives to provide proper arguments and debates to satisfy the concerned and to provide evidence for the importance of the said issue as well as to prove the relevance and unavoidability of the process to make sure that the end result and the eventual achievement is worth the sacrifice.1 Bioethics not only deals with issues related to humans, human rights and research on human issues but also emphasizes on the importance of animal rights and issues related to these non-human species. The examples of the issues related to animals are many, the prime issue being animal testing. This basically concerns the correlation of Bioethics with the animal rights foundations etc and emphasizes on the fact that animals are living beings that cannot be used just like a thing to be tested upon. The bioethical argument to that, however, would be that these tests on animals are conducted to make sure that the complex medicines, remedies and surgical procedures for solving critical health problems related to humans are working efficiently and cause no harm to human life.2 The issues that Bioethics deals with range very widely. It deals with the relationship and effects of biological, especially medical researches with the social issues prevailing in the society, however, these issues can range from being totally based on social grounds like the issue of suicide to being based on complex medicinal grounds like genetics and their effects and influences on the society and people living in it. Having said this, let's observe how vast the bioethical issues can be. Some of the common issues that Bioethics deals with would be: Suicide Infertility Genetic Modification and Gene therapy Cloning (Human and Animal) Abortion Euthanasia (Human as well as Animal) Animal Rights Human Testing Animal Testing Stem cell Research Parthenogenesis Genetic Engineering, etc Recently, the research on stem cells is being questioned on the bioethical grounds quite a lot. First, let's look at what stem cells are and what their function actually is. Stem cells are those cells that have the ability to renew or rejuvenate themselves through mitotic divisions and can transform into differentiated specialized cells of a large variety, however, the extent to which a stem cell can differentiate into a more specialized form varies greatly from one stem cell to another. These stem cells are found in almost all multicellular organisms (organisms having many cells and differentiated cell types for different bodily functions), however, when talking about

Intentional Torts to Property and Defenses of Intentional Torts Essay

Intentional Torts to Property and Defenses of Intentional Torts - Essay Example Intentional torts always refer to such wrongdoings intentionally directed to one party to inflict pain, cause harm or injuries to the other party. In connection to the above, it is important to acknowledge the fact that there are several types of intentional torts. These may comprise of battery, assault, false imprisonment as well as frauds. In addition, intentional torts may always take the form of trespassing, as well as invasion of privacy. Other than intentional torts, other types of torts include negligence and strict liability torts (Emanuel, 2009). Negligence torts always take the form of failure of a person to act in a manner that demonstrates careful attention to the affected party, thereby making the other party sustain injuries and harm that could have been provided if good care could have been observed in time (Okrent, 2010). Strict liability torts assume the nature of negligence torts. In strict liability torts, the offender may be responsible for the damages and injurie s sustained by the plaintiff even if the offender was not negligent. This paper is going to identify some of the intentional torts and possible defenses in the provided hypothetical scenario. In the hypothetical scenario, there are different types of intentional torts evident. Invasion of privacy is one of the types of intentional torts in the hypothetical scenario. This is evident when John grumbles at Leroy when Leroy ordered for a drink. In this instance, John warns Leroy to mind his own business yet Leroy had nothing to do with him. The second type of intentional tort evident in the scenario is the assault. This is evident when John shouts obscenities at Jane. In addition, he also grabs Jane’s wrist in a manner that shows he can inflict some pains on her. John also verbally assaults Leroy by telling meddling into his own privacy by telling him to mind his own businesses. Trespassing is also another type of intentional tort that is

Evaluation of the Department of Homeland Security's Budgeting and Research Paper

Evaluation of the Department of Homeland Security's Budgeting and Cumulative Report - Research Paper Example The paper tells that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is expected to provide federal recovery efforts and response in the event of natural disasters and/or other large-scale emergencies. Additionally, it provides primary responsibilities to ensure that emergency responses are made in a professional way and that the state is prepared for such situations. The DHS secures the federal states against all threats and in its actions, it has five main missions that include preventing terrorism and enhancing security, enforcing and administering immigration, securing and managing the borders of the United States, ensuring resilience to disasters, and safeguarding and securing cyberspace. The Department of Homeland Security has seven operational components that lead other departments in protecting the nation. The other components of the DHS provide analysis, resources, policy development, equipment, and support in ensuring that all other front organizations have all required resources and tools to accomplish the missions of the DHS. The DHS is headed by a secretary with a deputy. With same authority and responsibilities is the chief of staff who is reported to by executive secretariat and military advisor. The holder of these offices forms the executive steering committee. This committee was established during FY 2012 to implement the integrated Investment Life Cycle Management (IILCM) as a translational initiative towards integrating budget formulation as well as the execution of the strategies that drive the budget’s strategies. Budget Overview The department of homeland security usually provides annual performance report for each fiscal year. The year 2012 to 2014 annual performance report presents the measure of performance and applicable results (APR) for the department for the FY 2012. It should be noted that the FY 2012 can only be understood with respect to the performance that targeted FY 2013 and FY 2014. The information provided by these FYs pr ovides the priority goals for the organization as it prepares its budget. The APR of the FY 2012 to 2014 was submitted as part of FY 2014 of DHS congressional budget justification. Additionally, the budget justification is usually intended towards meeting the government performance and result act (GPRA). It is worth noting that the GPRA modernization act of the year 2010 required the department to publish their performance report as well as annual performance plan to enable understand and approval of such budgets. Budgeting Assessment The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) research portfolio has a significant increase in FY 2012 as compared to the enacted budget FY 2010 fiscal year. In the year FY 2010, requested $1.05 billion and the same increased by 18.8 percent of FY 2012 that translated to $167 million. From the same budget, nearly $109 million was used for the transformational research and development (R&D) programs. From the same budget, domestic nuclear detection office ( DNDO) was transferred science and technology Directorate (Department of Homeland Security, 2012). The FY 2012 budget recognized as the technical division of nuclear and radiology. Nonetheless, the R & D funding remained in the DNDO. This FY 2012 fund transfer leads to an increase in the science technology research and development funding; the funding of Directorate of the science and technology increased by 20.2 percent that reflected an increase of $173 million.

Motivation -wk3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Motivation -wk3 - Essay Example When I look at my description of a good day, I can say that emotionally I would be feeling happy and peaceful during the day. I would have autonomy because I was working alone, getting things done, and having good conversation with a friend. This would be my example of autonomy support. I believe that competence would be shown in my ability to do my job well and identify prospects to finish. This action gives me a high feeling of competence. Structure is very important to me and the more organized I am, the more competent I fee. My conversation with my friends appeals to my sense of involvement because the conversation showed we are caring people and we enjoy being together. This action brings me a sense of well being and I feel that I am loved by my friend and my family. Reeves (2009) states that vitality is associated with the way in which people feel during a good day. When people feel "autonomous, competent and interpersonally related (p. 168) they also feel vital or like their life has meaning. In terms of psychological need, people need to feel a sense of self-worth in anything they do. I would think that a person who is feeling vibrant and needed would be more motivated to do more than those who are not. Motivation would be enhanced for someone when they knew they were needed. My final project will research the educational needs of teenagers in Liberia. I will concentrate on the needs of teenage girls. This is a social change issue because there are many challenges that girls in Liberia have that influence their education. Some of these challenges are teen pregnancy, rape, and fall out from their past civil war. I would like to understand the motivation for teens to become educated despite all of these issues. Generally speaking, in most countries teens may be motivated to become educated because the laws say that children must go to school from an early age to about the age of 18. In Liberia, the

TV seriies ( 60 Minutes) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

TV seriies ( 60 Minutes) - Essay Example Be it a good or a bad issue that they are showing, it gives enough knowledge about my surroundings and helps me with my judgments and views. The first time I saw 60 minutes on TV, I thought, â€Å"What does this show has to offer? What good can it give me? Is it worth watching?† Then a friend of mine, who happened to love this show, told me that this is not any ordinary show. She loved it for the reason that it allows the viewers to see the ‘real thing’ in celebrities, in ordinary people, in the government and all the other issues that are likewise hidden from the people. I watched the segment wherein President Obama and his wife were interviewed and was satisfied that this show has done something like this for the nation, including me, to know someone so great like Obama. I heard in the news that this segment was the most watched episode of 60 minutes, and it has done a great effect to the show. I think that this show has somewhat improvised a new genre in the field of journalism and mass media, which is great for me, since I’m quite interested in journalism. The effect this show has on me is a good and helpful one that is why I consider it as my all-time favorite among all TV series. The fact that I can answer well when others ask me about certain issues in our country makes me feel knowledgeable. They thought of me as a keen observer, thanks to 60 minutes. It is with this show’s help that I can be aware and maybe even helpful to our country when the time comes. I am even inspired to write for the show, maybe

British Wildlife Essay Example for Free

British Wildlife Essay Outline of species along with related anatomy, handling considerations and rehabilitation, release requirements Skeletal system Although the deer’s skeletal system is very similar to a dog or cat’s in terms of its basic structure, although there are some adaptations that they require in order to survive the wild. Deer have long necks which enable them to crane it so they can feed off low lying grass and other vegetation. Stefoff, R. (2007) Deer are prey animals and so they require adaptations that enable them to run fast and this is why they are ‘ugulates’, (hoofed mammals). Ungulates walk on their ‘ungulis’ which is a tough outer plate of a hoof or toenail. When ungulates walk, their feet or digits do not come into contact with the ground but their hooves. Stefoff, R. (2007). This clever evolutionary asset is essential for speed. This is down to the biomechanics of how bodies move- the smaller the area that touches the ground with each stride, the greater the stride is which results in faster movement. Stefoff, R. (2007) Hooves are an extremely strong version of human fingernails strong enough not to break when under immense pressure i.e. when the deer is running. Stefoff, R. (2007).The strength of the hooves comes from the keratin which exists in thick sheets and keratin fibres which run in all directions Stefoff, R. (2007) Deer have a total of four toes on each foot. The middle two toes touch the ground and the outer two are elevated at the back, just above the hoof and are called dewclaws Stefoff, R. (2007). Metapodials in deer are elongated and form the lower part of the deer’s legs. In a deer, the femur and the humerus are short and thick in order to be able to anchor the large mass of muscle needed to propel them forward when running at high speed. Stefoff, R. (2007) Scent glands Seven glands are located on the body of a deer, scattered from head to toe to assist with communication amongst the herd and is how deer differentiate between one another (interspecies communication) Nickens, E. (2009). Deer scent is made up of scent glands and their urine. Stefoff, R. (2007) Deer use a technique called ‘flehmen’; this is the act of curling back their upper lip and sucking in air. This is used to detect scents from other deer. Stefoff, R. (2007) Antler growth Antler growth is an interesting area of study which provokes questioning as to why antler growth is delayed until the start of puberty and secondly, mammalian organ regeneration. Antler growth only occurs in male deer and is delayed until the start of puberty at 5 – 7 months old. No other mammal can regenerate an organ. The antlers of a 200-kg adult red deer may weigh as much 30 kg but take only 3 months to grow. Antlers are formed from pedicles; permanent bony horns on the frontal bone of the skull. Periosteal cells (Antlerogenic Periosteum) are collected in the distal parts of the cristae externae of the frontal bones. These are activated by rising androgen levels in the blood. Testosterone binds to specific sites on the AP which leads to trabecular bone being formed beneath the periosteum and a pedicle develops. There are four ossification stages in the formation of antlers in deer starting with ‘Intramembranous ossification’; this is the proliferation of antlerogenic cells and differentiation into osteoblasts. Osteoblasts form trabecular in the cellular periosteum. This then leads to ‘transitional ossification’, this initiates when pedicle reaches 5-10mm in height. Osseocartilaginous tissue is formed by the antlerogenic cells at the apical surface, which have undergone a change in differentiation pathway to form chondrocytes. The third stage is ‘pedicle endochondral ossification’ when chrondrogenesis takes place in the pedicle alone. The final ossification stage is ‘antler endochondral ossification’- antlerogenic cells maintain their chrondrogenic differentiation pathway until the very first antler has fully formed. Shiny velvet skin covering the distal end of the pedicle coincidences with antler formation. Un-branched antlers described as ‘spikers’ elongate as a result of an endochondral process in the distal tip. (Deer antlers: a zoological curiosity or the key to understanding organ regeneration in mammals?) The first antler continues growing until the autumn rutting season where testosterone levels are increased once again. Cessation in longitudinal growth causes this endocrine change. Antler bone becomes fully mineralized and the overlying velvet sheds to reveal bare bone. A single unbranched antler is left attached to the pedicle until it is cast the following spring Deer antlers: a zoological curiosity or the key to understanding organ regeneration in mammals? Handling considerations The safest method of restraining/handling deer is to try to pull head to its flank, cover their head, hold the leg at the front and push the deer down onto the ground. This technique requires mastering so a well-trained person should only be allowed to do this. Deer bones are fragile so need to be cautious. Release requirements When it comes to releasing deer, a few things need to be kept in mind when choosing a location to release them. Deer need as much woodland cover as possible, especially with a male deer as they are very much territorial creatures. It is preferred to release a deer exactly where it was found. If this is not possible i.e. the deer was found in the middle of a road then it must be released no more than 1km from where it was found. Veterinary diagnosis and treatment Outline of condition, clinical signs and recommended treatment Roundworm is a condition commonly seen in deer. These are internal parasites that are found in the intestines and soak up nutrients from the animal’s diet which results in the sufferer becoming malnourished and weak because they are not getting the nutrients they require. The clinical signs of a deer with worms are very hard to detect because they are prey animals and must not show signs of weakness otherwise it would make them a target for predators. Often they won’t show any signs until they are close to death. Should they show signs they would be lethargic, losing weight, scowering (lowering their head) and producing fluid faecal matter. Deer get stressed very easily and it would be unethical to try and capture them for treatment as it would be putting the person capturing the deer at risk as well as the deer as their skeletal systems are very fragile and is liable to shatter. Deer antlers are extremely dangerous because they are strong as well as being full of bacteria; deer use their antlers to fight and they also urinate on their antlers so it could infect a human quite severely. Treatment To treat worms in deer, Ivermectin â€Å"spot on† is used and is placed on the back of the deer’s neck. It is applied at 2 week intervals and, once cleared it can then be applied monthly to prevent it recurring. Nursing requirements What are the nursing needs of this patient and condition etc Deer, ideally should be nursed in a barn or large enclosure and not kept in a veterinary practice. This is purely because they are dangerous animals and are likely to lash out or charge at humans when they feel provoked. Isolating the deer is ideal to prevent the worms passing onto other animals nearby and to avoid having to treat the others. Deer should not be isolated for too long as they can get stressed and this would not be an ethical thing to do. Discussion of legal and ethical considerations What legislation and ethical considerations are relevant Wildlife and countryside act 1981 Wildlife and natural environment (Scotland) Act 2011 References http://www.nyantler-outdoors.com/deer-anatomy.html